Near Field Mediated Photon Electron Interactions

This book focuses on the use of novel electron microscopy techniques to further our understanding of the physics behind electron-light interactions. It introduces and discusses the methodologies for advancing the field of electron microscopy towards a better control of electron dynamics with significantly improved temporal resolutions, and explores the burgeoning field of nanooptics - the physics of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale - whose practical applications transcend numerous fields such as energy conversion, control of chemical reactions, optically induced phase transitions, quantum cryptography, and data processing. In addition to its development of analytical and numerical techniques for exploring the theoretical basis of electron-light interactions, this book showcases some relevant case studies, such as optical modes in gold tapers probed by electron beams and investigations of optical excitations in the topological insulator Bi2Se3. The experiments described in this book provide an impetus to better develop relevant theoretical models, benchmark current approximations, and develop even more characterization tools based on coherent electron-light interactions.

This book focuses on the use of novel electron microscopy techniques to further our understanding of the physics behind electron–light interactions. It introduces and discusses the methodologies for advancing the field of electron microscopy towards a better control of electron dynamics with significantly improved temporal resolutions, and explores the burgeoning field of nanooptics – the physics of light–matter interaction at the nanoscale – whose practical applications transcend numerous fields such as energy conversion, control of chemical reactions, optically induced phase transitions, quantum cryptography, and data processing. In addition to describing analytical and numerical techniques for exploring the theoretical basis of electron–light interactions, the book showcases a number of relevant case studies, such as optical modes in gold tapers probed by electron beams and investigations of optical excitations in the topological insulator Bi2Se3. The experiments featured provide an impetus to develop more relevant theoretical models, benchmark current approximations, and even more characterization tools based on coherent electron–light interactions.

This book brings together tutorial-style expository chapters on both foundational material and current research areas in near-field optics. The starting point for the book was the Summer School at the 16th International Conference on Near-Field Optics, Nanophotonics and Related Techniques (2022), with each Summer School short course represented by a chapter, along with an additional specially selected chapter on a complementary topic. Together, the chapters within present a modern perspective of the area of near-field optics, focusing on recent theoretical approaches, but also capturing the evolution of the field. Each chapter is written by an internationally-recognized expert and provides a tutorial on a different aspects of the theory and analytical methods for near-field optics, nanophotonics, and plasmonics. While the material will be accessible at the graduate level, it will also provide a useful reference for established researchers in near-field optics and scientists in nearby fields.

Structural phase transitions, mechanical deformations, and the embryonic stages of melting and crystallization are examples of phenomena that can now be imaged in unprecedented structural detail with high spatial resolution, and ten orders of magnitude as fast as hitherto. No monograph in existence attempts to cover the revolutionary dimensions that EM in its various modes of operation nowadays makes possible. The authors of this book chart these developments, and also compare the merits of coherent electron waves with those of synchrotron radiation. They judge it prudent to recall some important basic procedural and theoretical aspects of imaging and diffraction so that the reader may better comprehend the significance of the new vistas and applications now afoot. This book is not a vade mecum - numerous other texts are available for the practitioner for that purpose.

Authored by the developer of dressed photon science and technology as well as nanophotonics, this book outlines concepts of the subject using a novel theoretical framework that differs from conventional wave optics. It provides a quantum theoretical description of optical near fields and related problems that puts matter excitation such as electronic and vibrational ones on an equal footing with photons. By this description, optical near fields are interpreted as quasi-particles and named dressed photons which carry the material excitation energy in a nanometric space. The author then explores novel nanophotonic devices, fabrications, and energy conversion based on the theoretical picture of dressed photons. Further, this book looks at how the assembly of nanophotonic devices produces information and communication systems. Dressed photon science and technology is on its way to revolutionizing various applications in devices, fabrications, and systems. Promoting further exploration in the field, this book presents physically intuitive concepts, theories, and technical details for students, engineers, and scientists engaged in research and development in dressed photon science and technology as well as nanophotonics.

This memorial volume in honor of Dr Akira Tonomura is to commemorate his enormous contributions to fundamental physics in addition to the basic technology of electron microscopy. Dr Tonomura passed away on May 2, 2012 at the age of 70. He was Fellow of Hitachi, Ltd., Group Director of Single Quantum Dynamics Research Group of RIKEN, Principal Investigator of the FIRST Tonomura Project, and Professor of Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University. The book consists of: 1) contributions from distinguished physicists, who participated in the “Tonomura FIRST International Symposium on Electron Microscopy and Gauge Fields” planned by Tonomura himself and held in Tokyo on May 9–10, 2012, and 2) reprints of key papers by Tonomura and his team. Invited speakers at this Symposium include Chen Ning Yang and other distinguished physicists such as Yakir Aharonov, Gordon Baym, Christian Colliex, Anthony J Leggett, Naoto Nagaosa, Nobuyuki Osakabe and Masahito Ueda. This “memorial” Symposium was originally planned to commemorate the start of the Japanese-government-sponsored FIRST Tonomura Project to construct the 1.2 MV holography electron microscope capable of observing quantum phenomena in the microscopic world. In addition, the book includes contributions from participants of the past ISQM-Tokyo symposia held at Hitachi and from Tonomura's longtime friends, including Michael Berry, Jerome Friedman, Hidetoshi Fukuyama, Joseph Imry, Yoshinori Tokura, Jaw-Shen Tsai, and Anton Zeilinger. The co-editors are Kazuo Fujikawa, Tonomura's longtime friend, and Yoshimasa A Ono who is Tonomura's associate at Hitachi Advanced Research Laboratory and now in the FIRST Tonomura Project. Contents:My Dream of Ultimate Holography Electron Microscope (Akira Tonomura)Biography of Akira Tonomura (April 1942 – May 2012) (Nobuyuki Osakabe)Tonomura FIRST International Symposium on “Electron Microscopy and Gauge Fields” (Yoshimasa A Ono)Recollections of Akira Tonomura:Thank You and Farewell to Tonomura-kun (Hidetoshi Fukuyama)Remembering Akira Tonomura (Michael Berry)Akira Tonomura: An Experimental Visionary (Anton Zeilinger)Dr. Akira Tonomura: Master of Experimental Physics (Kazuo Fujikawa)Gauge Theory and Aharonov-Bohm Effect:Topology and Gauge Theory in Physics (Chen Ning Yang)On the Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Why Heisenberg Captures Nonlocality Better Than Schrödinger (Yakir Aharonov)How the Test of Aharonov-Bohm Effect was Initiated at Hitachi Laboratory (Nobuyuki Osakabe)Some Reflections Concerning Geometrical Phases (Anthony J Leggett and Yiruo Lin)Mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers: Decoherence and Thermoelectric Transport (Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony and Yoseph Imry)Spin Textures and Gauge Fields in Frustrated Magnets (Naoto Nagaosa and Yoshinori Tokura)Gauge Theory and Artificial Spin Ices: Imaging Emergent Monopoles with Electron Microscopy (Shawn D Pollard and Yimei Zhu)Do Dispersionless Forces Exist? (Herman Batelaan and Scot McGregor)Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Geometric Phases — Exact and Approximate Topology (Kazuo Fujikawa)A Brief Overview and Topological Aspects of Gaseous Bose-Einstein Condensates (Masahito Ueda)Application of Electron Microscopy to Quantum Mechanics and Materials Sciences:Mapping Electric Fields with Inelastic Electrons in a Transmission Electron Microscope (Christian Colliex)“The Picture is My Life” (Shuji Hasegawa)Direct Observation of Electronically Phase-Separated Charge Density Waves in Lu2Ir3Si5 by Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cheng-Hsuan Chen)Basic Discoveries in Electromagnetic Field Visualization (Daisuke Shindo)Nanomagnetism Visualized by Electron Holography (Hyun Soon Park)Quantum Physics:Probing the Proton with Electron Microscopy (Jerome I Friedman)Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry with Electrons: Coulomb vs. Quantum Statistics (Gordon Baym and Kan Shen)Vortex Molecules in Thin Films of Layered Superconductors (Alexander I Buzdin)Coherent Quantum Phase Slip (Jaw-Shen Tsai)Coherency of Spin Precession in Metallic Lateral Spin Valves (YoshiChika Otani, Hiroshi Idzuchi and Yasuhiro Fukuma)Transverse Relativistic Effects in Paraxial Wave Interference (Konstantin Y Bliokh, Yana V Izdebskaya and Franco Nori) Readership: Graduate students and researchers in physics, materials science and related fields. Keywords:Electron Microscopy;Akira Tonomura;Quantum Phenomena;Gauge FieldsReviews: “This beautifully produced volume opens with a collection of photographs of Tonomura. As a bonus to all this, a DVD enables us to see the build-up of a two-slit interference pattern and three examples of the movement of vortices. All Tonomura's friends and admirers will want a copy.” Ultramicroscopy

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM, also known as NSOM) is a new local probe technique with a resolving power of 10--50 nm. Not being limited by diffraction, near-field optics (NFO) opens new perspectives for optical characterization and the understanding of optical phenomena, in particular in biology, microelectronics and materials science. SNOM, after first demonstrations in '83/'84, has undergone a rapid development in the past two to four years. The increased interest has been largely stimulated by the wealth of optical properties that can be investigated and the growing importance of characterization on the nanometer scale in general. Examples include the use of fluorescence, birefrigence and plasmon effects for applications in particular in biology, microelectronics and materials science, to name just a few. This volume emerged from the first international meeting devoted exclusively to NFO, and comprises a complete survey of the 1992 activities in the field, in particular the variety of instrumental techniques that are currently being explored, the demonstration of the imaging capabilities as well as theoretical interpretations - a highly nontrivial task. The comprehensive collection of papers devoted to these and related subjects make the book a valuable tool for anybody interested in near-field optics.

Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter offers in-depth perspectives on phenomena of ionization and excitation induced by charged particle and photon interactions with matter in vivo and in vitro. This reference probes concepts not only in radiation and photochemistry, but also in radiation physics, radiation biochemistry, and radiatio