Network Pharmacology And Traditional Medicine

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This book introduces “network pharmacology” as an emerging frontier subject of systematic drug research in the era of artificial intelligence and big data. Network Pharmacology is an original subject of fusion system biology, bioinformatics, network science and other related disciplines. It emphasizes on starting from the overall perspective of the system level and biological networks, the analysis of the laws of molecular association between drugs and their treatment objects, reveals the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of drugs, and guides the research and development of new drugs and clinical diagnosis and treatment. After it was proposed, network pharmacology has been paid attention by researchers, and it has been rapidly developed and widely used. In order to systematically reveal the biological basis of diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine, we proposed a new concept of "network target" for the first time, which has become the core theory of "network pharmacology". The core principle of a network target is to construct a biological network that can be used to decipher complex diseases. The network is then used as the therapeutic target, to which multicomponent remedies are applied. This book mainly includes four parts: 1) The concept and theory of network pharmacology; 2) Common analysis methods, databases and software in network pharmacological research; 3) Typical cases of traditional Chinese medicine modernization and modern drug research based on network pharmacology; 4) Network pharmacology practice process based on drugs and diseases.

ntegrative Pharmacology can be used to determine the multi-pharmacological effects of traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Kampo, Sa-sang, Ayurveda, etc.). Through qualitative and quantitative pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) correlations among multi-constituents and multi-targets, integrating chemical profiling, ADME/PK processes, molecular network calculation and resulting experimental validation, the use of Integrative Pharmacology has become widespread. The data has provided a novel paradigm to evaluate the druggability of bioactive ingredients of herbs or formulae, to decipher the pharmacological mechanisms of drug action and to screen potentially new indications for approved drugs and previously unidentified adverse events. On this basis, Integrative Pharmacology may offer an effective way to test the potential scientific basis for traditional medicines and to assess what roles of traditional medicine can and cannot play in pharmaceuticals.

Network pharmacology reveals pharmacological mechanisms of drugs for outlining the development and discovery of drugs along with clinical treatment. It combines clinical, experimental and computational investigation, while creating favorable conditions for investigating the features of traditional medicine. The aim of network pharmacology is to reveal and reflect on the biological foundations of various complex diseases and effects of drugs by the application of network based understanding. It is useful in drug discovery and development, as it combines system biology and genomic technologies through computational biological tools. It is capable of elucidating complex relations amidst biological systems, diseases and drugs. It emphasizes on systems level modeling of mechanism of drugs, by integrating protein-protein interaction, drug-target interaction along with other type of interactome data. This book explores all the important aspects of network pharmacology in the present day scenario. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers to understand drug discovery and development within network pharmacology.

Despite considerable technological advances, the pharmaceutical industry is experiencing a severe innovation deficit, especially in the discovery of new drugs. Innovative Approaches in Drug Discovery: Ethnopharmacology, Systems Biology and Holistic Targeting provides a critical review and analysis of health, disease and medicine, and explores possible reasons behind the present crisis in drug discovery. The authors illustrate the benefits of systems biology and pharmacogenomics approaches, and advocate the expansion from disease-centric discovery to person-centric therapeutics involving holistic, multi-target, whole systems approaches. This book lays a path for reigniting pharmaceutical innovation through a disciplined reemergence of pharmacognosy, embracing open innovation models and collaborative, trusted public-private partnerships. With unprecedented advances made in the development of biomedically-relevant tools and technologies, the need is great and the time is now for a renewed commitment towards expanding the repertoire of medicines. By incorporating real-life examples and state-of-the-art reviews, this book provides valuable insights into the discovery and development strategies for professionals, academicians, and students in the pharmaceutical sciences. Analyzes the reasons behind historical drug failures to provide valuable insights on lessons learned Uses current scientific research to promote learning from traditional knowledge systems and through the integration of traditional and western medicines Discusses advances in technologies and systems biology to support the transition from formulation discovery to therapeutic discovery

What Is Medicine? Western and Eastern Approaches to Healing is the first comparative history of two millennia of Western and Chinese medicine from their beginnings in the centuries BCE through present advances in sciences like molecular biology and in Western adaptations of traditional Chinese medicine. In his revolutionary interpretation of the basic forces that undergird shifts in medical theory, Paul U. Unschuld relates the history of medicine in both Europe and China to changes in politics, economics, and other contextual factors. Drawing on his own extended research of Chinese primary sources as well as his and others' scholarship in European medical history, Unschuld argues against any claims of "truth" in former and current, Eastern and Western models of physiology and pathology. What Is Medicine? makes an eloquent and timely contribution to discussions on health care policies while illuminating the nature of cognitive dynamics in medicine, and it stimulates fresh debate on the essence and interpretation of reality in medicine's attempts to manage the human organism.