Neural

The authoritative reference on NEURON, the simulation environment for modeling biological neurons and neural networks that enjoys wide use in the experimental and computational neuroscience communities. This book shows how to use NEURON to construct and apply empirically based models. Written primarily for neuroscience investigators, teachers, and students, it assumes no previous knowledge of computer programming or numerical methods. Readers with a background in the physical sciences or mathematics, who have some knowledge about brain cells and circuits and are interested in computational modeling, will also find it helpful. The NEURON Book covers material that ranges from the inner workings of this program, to practical considerations involved in specifying the anatomical and biophysical properties that are to be represented in models. It uses a problem-solving approach, with many working examples that readers can try for themselves.

Artificial neural networks are nonlinear mapping systems whose structure is loosely based on principles observed in the nervous systems of humans and animals. The basic idea is that massive systems of simple units linked together in appropriate ways can generate many complex and interesting behaviors. This book focuses on the subset of feedforward artificial neural networks called multilayer perceptrons (MLP). These are the mostly widely used neural networks, with applications as diverse as finance (forecasting), manufacturing (process control), and science (speech and image recognition). This book presents an extensive and practical overview of almost every aspect of MLP methodology, progressing from an initial discussion of what MLPs are and how they might be used to an in-depth examination of technical factors affecting performance. The book can be used as a tool kit by readers interested in applying networks to specific problems, yet it also presents theory and references outlining the last ten years of MLP research.

Complex-Valued Neural Networks have higher functionality, learn faster and generalize better than their real-valued counterparts. This book is devoted to the Multi-Valued Neuron (MVN) and MVN-based neural networks. It contains a comprehensive observation of MVN theory, its learning, and applications. MVN is a complex-valued neuron whose inputs and output are located on the unit circle. Its activation function is a function only of argument (phase) of the weighted sum. MVN derivative-free learning is based on the error-correction rule. A single MVN can learn those input/output mappings that are non-linearly separable in the real domain. Such classical non-linearly separable problems as XOR and Parity n are the simplest that can be learned by a single MVN. Another important advantage of MVN is a proper treatment of the phase information. These properties of MVN become even more remarkable when this neuron is used as a basic one in neural networks. The Multilayer Neural Network based on Multi-Valued Neurons (MLMVN) is an MVN-based feedforward neural network. Its backpropagation learning algorithm is derivative-free and based on the error-correction rule. It does not suffer from the local minima phenomenon. MLMVN outperforms many other machine learning techniques in terms of learning speed, network complexity and generalization capability when solving both benchmark and real-world classification and prediction problems. Another interesting application of MVN is its use as a basic neuron in multi-state associative memories. The book is addressed to those readers who develop theoretical fundamentals of neural networks and use neural networks for solving various real-world problems. It should also be very suitable for Ph.D. and graduate students pursuing their degrees in computational intelligence.

For the first time, this book sets forth the concept and model for a process neural network. You’ll discover how a process neural network expands the mapping relationship between the input and output of traditional neural networks and greatly enhances the expression capability of artificial neural networks. Detailed illustrations help you visualize information processing flow and the mapping relationship between inputs and outputs.

This book aims to present a viable alternative to the Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) model for analog computation. It is well known the standard HNN suffers from problems of convergence to local minima, and requirement of a large number of neurons and synaptic weights. Therefore, improved solutions are needed. The non-linear synapse neural network (NoSyNN) is one such possibility and is discussed in detail in this book. This book also discusses the applications in computationally intensive tasks like graph coloring, ranking, and linear as well as quadratic programming. The material in the book is useful to students, researchers and academician working in the area of analog computation.

Since its founding in 1989 by Terrence Sejnowski, Neural Computation has become the leading journal in the field. Foundations of Neural Computation collects, by topic, the most significant papers that have appeared in the journal over the past nine years. The present volume focuses on neural codes and representations, topics of broad interest to neuroscientists and modelers. The topics addressed are: how neurons encode information through action potential firing patterns, how populations of neurons represent information, and how individual neurons use dendritic processing and biophysical properties of synapses to decode spike trains. The papers encompass a wide range of levels of investigation, from dendrites and neurons to networks and systems.

Statistical pattern recognition; Probability density estimation; Single-layer networks; The multi-layer perceptron; Radial basis functions; Error functions; Parameter optimization algorithms; Pre-processing and feature extraction; Learning and generalization; Bayesian techniques; Appendix; References; Index.

In the rapidly advancing world of AI, neural networks emerge as the driving force behind some of the most groundbreaking innovations. Neural Networks is your essential companion in unraveling the complexities and unlocking the potential of these powerful technologies. Begin with a historical journey, understanding how neural networks evolved from simple models to sophisticated systems driving modern AI. Gain clear insights into fundamental concepts, architectures, and the mechanics that make neural networks tick. Delve into deep learning, comparing it with traditional machine learning, and explore its pivotal role in current AI advancements. Whether you are a beginner in AI, a seasoned professional, or simply an AI enthusiast, this book offers a structured and detailed pathway to understanding neural networks. Each chapter is crafted to provide both theoretical knowledge and practical insights, ensuring a well-rounded grasp of the subject matter. Understand the practical aspects of implementing neural networks, from data collection to model optimization. Delve into critical discussions on ethics, bias, and the societal impacts of AI technologies. Neural Networks is more than just a book. It is a gateway to the future, a tool that prepares you to be a part of, and possibly shape, the next generation of AI innovations. Open its pages and embark on a journey that transcends the boundaries of technology, into a world where neural networks redefine what is possible.