Neuroinformatics

Modern neuroscience is providing profound insights into nature's most mysterious puzzle -- the human brain -- while applications of information and computer science are transforming the way people interact with each other and with the world around them. The new science of neuroinformatics, which sits at the junction, integrates knowledge and promises to catalyze progress in these dynamic and seemingly disparate areas of study. Neuroinformatics research will allow brain and behavioral scientists to make better sense and use of their data through advanced information tools and approaches. These include new ways to acquire, store, visualize, analyze, integrate, synthesize, and share data, as well as the means for electronic scientific collaboration. In this country, the principal source of support for neuroinformatics research is the Human Brain Project. The project, which is led by the National Institute of Mental Health, now supports neuroinformatics research performed by over 60 scientists. This volume presents the findings of the first group of researchers. Their efforts will begin to arm the next generation of brain and behavioral scientists with tools to attack the serious problem of information overload, and ultimately relate their findings to those obtained from different species, levels of biological organization, methods, and laboratories. And the challenges presented by the amount, diversity, and complexity of brain and behavioral data will give informatics researchers the impetus to test and expand the limits of their own science. The work described in this volume signals a change in the way scientists interact with data, instruments and each other, and points the way to a very different and richer future understanding of the human brain and mind.

Neuroinformatics presents cutting-edge techniques for the synergistic study of neuroinformatics. The book facilitates the efforts of discovering neuroscience through the sharing of data and the use of computational models. It demonstrates the use of neuroinformatic components as a mechanism for understanding complex disorders. It contains detailed explanations, advantages, and disadvantages of traditional and non-invasive imaging methods.

What Is Neuroinformatics The fields of informatics and neurology have been combined to establish the discipline of neuroinformatics. The processing of data and information in the field of neuroscience using artificial neural networks is referred to as neuroinformatics. There are three primary areas in which neuroinformatics needs to be utilized, and they are as follows: the creation of computer models of the nervous system and the processes that take place in the brain.the creation of tools for analyzing and modeling data from the field of neuroscience, the creation of tools and databases for the management and sharing of data from the field of neuroscience at all levels of analysis, How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Neuroinformatics Chapter 2: Neuroscience Chapter 3: Mind uploading Chapter 4: Computational neuroscience Chapter 5: Bio-inspired computing Chapter 6: Neuromorphic engineering Chapter 7: Terry Sejnowski Chapter 8: Neural network Chapter 9: Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study Chapter 10: Neural computation Chapter 11: Blue Brain Project Chapter 12: International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility Chapter 13: Human Brain Project Chapter 14: Multi-simulation coordinator Chapter 15: Brain simulation Chapter 16: Informatics Chapter 17: Nervous system network models Chapter 18: Outline of brain mapping Chapter 19: Upinder Singh Bhalla Chapter 20: Predictive coding Chapter 21: MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences (II) Answering the public top questions about neuroinformatics. (III) Real world examples for the usage of neuroinformatics in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of neuroinformatics' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of neuroinformatics.

Bioinformatics involves specialized application of computer technology to investigative and conceptual problems in biology and medicine; neuroinformatics (NI) is the practice of bioinformatics in the neurosciences. Over the past two decades the biomedical sciences have been revolutionized by databases, data mining and data modeling techniques. The Human Genome Project, which depended on informatics methods, has been the most well recognized bioinformatics undertaking. Bioinformatics has since been applied all across biology and medicine, and has also transformed almost every avenue in neuroscience. Yet in neuropsychology, NI perspectives remain largely unrealized. Ironically, NI offers enormous potential to the essential praxis of neuropsychology - assessing cognitive behavior and relating cognition to neural systems. Neuroinformatics can be applied to neuropsychology as richly as it has been applied across the neurosciences. Neuroinformatics for Neuropsychology is the first book to explain the relevance and value of NI to neuropsychology. It systematically describes NI tools, applications and models that can enhance the efforts of neuropsychologists. It also describes the implications of NI for neuropsychology in the 21st century – fundamental shifts away from the conventional modes of research, practice and communication that have thus far characterized the field. One of the foremost experts on the subject: Illustrates the vital role NI is playing throughout the neurosciences. Provides a sampling of NI tools and applications in neuroscience research, and lays out current organization structures that support NI. Describes the lack of NI in neuropsychology, differentiates between NI systems for neuropsychology and conventional computerized assessment methods, and proposes criteria for neuropsychology-specific NI systems. Describes NI applications and models currently in use in neuropsychology, and NI models for neuropsychology that are being pioneered in phenomics research. Discusses potential obstacles and aids to NI in neuropsychology, including issues such as data sharing, standardization of methods, and data ontology. Projects the future of neuropsychological research and practice in light of the new generation of the internet, Web 2.0, geared to collective knowledge building. A vital introduction to a profound technological practice, Neuroinformatics for Neuropsychology is important reading for clinical neuropsychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, behavioral neurologists, and speech-language pathologists. Researchers, clinicians, and graduate students interested in informatics for the brain-behavioral sciences will especially welcome this unique volume.

The huge volume of multi-modal neuroimaging data across different neuroscience communities has posed a daunting challenge to traditional methods of data sharing, data archiving, data processing and data analysis. Neuroinformatics plays a crucial role in creating advanced methodologies and tools for the handling of varied and heterogeneous datasets in order to better understand the structure and function of the brain. These tools and methodologies not only enhance data collection, analysis, integration, interpretation, modeling, and dissemination of data, but also promote data sharing and collaboration. This Neuroinformatics Research Topic aims to summarize the state-of-art of the current achievements and explores the directions for the future generation of neuroinformatics infrastructure. The publications present solutions for data archiving, data processing and workflow, data mining, and system integration methodologies. Some of the systems presented are large in scale, geographically distributed, and already have a well-established user community. Some discuss opportunities and methodologies that facilitate large-scale parallel data processing tasks under a heterogeneous computational environment. We wish to stimulate on-going discussions at the level of the neuroinformatics infrastructure including the common challenges, new technologies of maximum benefit, key features of next generation infrastructure, etc. We have asked leading research groups from different research areas of neuroscience/neuroimaging to provide their thoughts on the development of a state of the art and highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure. Such discussions will inspire and help guide the development of a state of the art, highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure.

The Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuro-Informatics is the first published book in one volume that explains together the basics and the state-of-the-art of two major science disciplines in their interaction and mutual relationship, namely: information sciences, bioinformatics and neuroinformatics. Bioinformatics is the area of science which is concerned with the information processes in biology and the development and applications of methods, tools and systems for storing and processing of biological information thus facilitating new knowledge discovery. Neuroinformatics is the area of science which is concerned with the information processes in biology and the development and applications of methods, tools and systems for storing and processing of biological information thus facilitating new knowledge discovery. The text contains 62 chapters organized in 12 parts, 6 of them covering topics from information science and bioinformatics, and 6 cover topics from information science and neuroinformatics. Each chapter consists of three main sections: introduction to the subject area, presentation of methods and advanced and future developments. The Springer Handbook of Bio-/Neuroinformatics can be used as both a textbook and as a reference for postgraduate study and advanced research in these areas. The target audience includes students, scientists, and practitioners from the areas of information, biological and neurosciences. With Forewords by Shun-ichi Amari of the Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama and Karlheinz Meier of the University of Heidelberg, Kirchhoff-Institute of Physics and Co-Director of the Human Brain Project.