Nmr In Medicine

Over the past decade, we have witnessed a dramatic acceleration in the application of magnetic resonance techniques within the medical sciences. Following the original experimental demonstration of the NMR phenomenon by Bloch and Purcell in 1946, emphasis was directed toward the study of physical materials: however, in the 1950's and 1960's, research was reported on the use of NMR to investigate the properties of biological materials including cell systems, excised muscle tissue and certain in vivo models. This book fully discusses this important topic.

Even the earliest applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and tomography to medical inquiries, using experimental apparatus that was primitive by today's standards, demonstrated the extraordinary potential of the NMR method. The subsequent rapid advances in this area were due largely to the ef forts of commercial manufacturers, who, by improving magnet and computer designs, were able to produce and market instruments having a remarkable image quality. Experimental data from the ftrst systematic studies on the medical uses of NMR leave little doubt that NMR will gain a permanent place in clinical diagnosis. The clinician, then, is confronted with an entirely new diagnostic modality. Because NMR has been used extensively in chemistry and physics for years, a great many textbooks are already available on the subject. However, the majority of these have been written for the natural scientist who is well versed in mathematics and physics. Assumptions are made and terms are used that would not be appro priate for a medical or biochemical text. The goal of this introduc tion, therefore, is to discuss the principles of the NMR technique in terms that are meaningful to the medical student and medical pro fessional.

0 e From the reviews of the German edition: "NMR: readable yet professional... Through this book the reader with a scientific background becomes familiar with all important NMR phenomena, methods and conceptions... The great amount of carefully drawn figures and skillfully selected biologically relevant spectra and figures are an decisive bridge to the ... aim, to convey the NMR basics without mathematics. Besides biologists and physicians the book can be highly recommended to physicists and chemists..." #Nachrichten a. d. Chemie, Technik u. Laboratorien#1 "An extraordinary NMR textbook ... The authors succeeded in presenting the subject vividly. This book is clearly set out and easy to follow at a glance, and its numerous figures are extremely well done." #Labo#2

NMR Imaging in Biomedicine: Advances in Magnetic Resonance discusses significant advances in NMR imaging and its application to the field of biomedicine. This book is organized into 10 chapters that cover the classification, methods, imaging regimes, and the potential use of NMR imaging in medicine. After discussing the basic theoretical ideas of NMR and its application to NMR imaging, this book presents mathematical analyses of the various NMR techniques, focusing primarily on the comparison in terms of imaging speed and data-acquisition rate. It also covers a number of practical ranges or imaging regimes in terms of sensitivity, sample size, and operating frequency. Significant topics on potential application of NMR imaging in medicine, apparatus requirements in the instrumentation of NMR imaging machines, and the principles of biomagnetic effects are discussed in other chapters. The considered biomagnetic effects are categorized into three main groups: the effects of static magnetic fields, the effects of relatively slow varying time-dependent fields, and radio-frequency magnetic fields. This book is of great value to radiologists, medical physicists, neuroradiologists, anatomists, physiologists, and postgraduate students of NMR imaging.

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In the four decades since its discovery nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become an indispensable tool for obtaining chemical information often. inaccessible by other methods. With the development of instruments of increasingly higher magnetic field strengths, the integration of powerful computers and the availability of an expanding array of flexible software new applications and developments have proliferated rapidly. Among the more exciting new advances is the use of NMR spectroscopy to probe biological systems. The last ten years have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of new NMR imaging and spectroscopic techniques for research and diagnostic applications. The ability to investigate metabolic processes and anatomical structure of intact biological systems under conditions that are totally non-destructive and non-invasive clearly provides much of the impetus for the intense activity that has been generated in the fields of medicine, radiology and the allied basic sciences. Significant advances have been made in this brief period: Whole-body proton NMR imaging today provides anatomical definition of normal and abnormal tissue with a contrast and detection sensitivity often superior to those of X-ray computed tomography and other competing imaging methods. Biochemical pathways, using NMR spectroscopy of protons, carbon-13 and phosphorus-31 nuclei in live animals and man can readily be followed by surface-coil methods to detect metabolites in localized regions. Indicative of the importance and widespread acceptance of these techniques is the explosive growth that the NMR literature is experiencing. This augers well for the future.