Notes On The History Of The Tumbuka Kamanga Peoples In The Northern Province Of Nyasaland

Despite a quarter century of "nation building," most African states are still driven by ethnic particularism—commonly known as "tribalism." The stubborn persistence of tribal ideologies despite the profound changes associated with modernization has puzzled scholars and African leaders alike. The bloody hostilities between the tribally-oriented Zulu Inkhata movement and supporters of the African National Congress are but the most recent example of tribalism's tenacity. The studies in this volume offer a new historical model for the growth and endurance of such ideologies in southern Africa.

This is the first book on the history of the Tumbuka that traces their origin from the Luba Kingdom in the present Democratic Republic of Congo to where they are settled today. It details their leaders, the routes they used, the kingdom they formed, and the many cultural practices they have followed, and how from the eighteenth century, their kingdom was invaded and ruled by many non-Tumbuka ethnic groups that were eventually absorbed in their culture. “The study was overdue. Fortunately, the delay has been rewarded because the duty of doing this important work fell in good hands . . . The book improves our understanding of the Tumbuka in the twentieth century and beyond . . . Probably the strongest strength of the book is that the general reader and the specialist will find it easy to read.”—Professor Ackson Kanduza, History Department, University of Swaziland.

The post-World War II colonial reconstruction programmes for economic recovery and general political and social development in Malawi (then known as Nyasaland) necessitated increased education. But the sincerity of metropolitan development plans for the colonies could only be adequately appraised through the degree of demonstrated commitment in the implementation of the announced plans. This study seeks to examine chronologically the development and application of colonial education policies during the period 1945 to 1961 in Malawi. The parties involved included the British Colonial Office, the Nyasaland Protectorate Government and the Christian missionaries on the one hand, and the European settlers, Asian, Coloured and African communities on the other as the target groups of the policies. Devising educational policies of equitable benefit to all the racial and social groupings in Malawi posed enormous problems to the colonial administration. This study, examining the dynamics and course of policy, contends that, given the prevailing economic and political conditions, non-European education, especially that of Africans, experienced retardation in favour of European education. Sometimes apparent government ineptitude, combined with calculated needs for the Europeans, produced under-development for African education in Malawi and the country s economy. In the end, African education operated against the odds of missionary and government apathy. This book discusses the impact on education, generally, of the Nyasaland Post-War Development Programme, the Colonial Office Commissions of 1947, 1951 and 1961, and the local Committees set up to inquire into the retardation of African education in its various categories, including female and Muslim, in response to both local and international pressure. Although considered a priority, African education developed slowly, contrary to the declared goal of Post-War colonial policy of self- determination with its potential demands for trained local manpower. The argument demonstrates the tenacity of the Federal Government of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in playing down African education as a political strategy from 1953 to 1961 at the same time as it accorded a better deal to Asian and Coloured education.

For the Tumbuka people of Malawi, traditional medical practices are saturated with music. Steven M. Friedson explores a health care system populated by dancing prophets, singing patients, and drummed spirits.