Observers And Macroeconomic Systems

Observers and Macroeconomic Systems is concerned with the computational aspects of using a control-theoretic approach to the analysis of dynamic macroeconomic systems. The focus is on using a separate model for the development of the control policies. In particular, it uses the observer-based approach whereby the separate model learns to behave in a similar manner to the economic system through output-injections. The book shows how this approach can be used to learn the forward-looking behaviour of economic actors which is a distinguishing feature of dynamic macroeconomic models. It also shows how it can be used in conjunction with low-order models to undertake policy analysis with a large practical econometric model. This overcomes some of the computational problems arising from using just the large econometric models to compute optimal policy trajectories. The work also develops visual simulation software tools that can be used for policy analysis with dynamic macroeconomic systems.

This book examines macroeconomic theory from an analytical framework provided by theories of complex systems, in contrast to conventional theories founded on aggregation. The resulting difference in analytical perspectives is huge: the macro level of society is not pursued through aggregation over micro entities. To the contrary, the micro-macro relation is treated as one of parts-to-whole, and this relation is approached from within an ecological scheme of thought. A society is a complex ecology of plans. That ecology, however, is not reducible to a single plan. Conventional macro theory presents a national economy as a collection of such aggregate variables as output, employment, investment, and a price level, and seeks to develop theoretical relationships among those variables. In contrast, the social-theoretic approach to macro or social theory in this book treats the standard macro variables as having been shaped through social institutions, conventions, and processes that in turn are generated through interaction among economizing persons. The object denoted as macro is thus of a higher order of complexity than the object denoted as micro.

This volume contains papers presented at the IFAC symposium on Modeling and control of Economic Systems (SME 2001), which was held at the university of Klagenfurt, Austria. The symposium brought together scientists and users to explore current theoretical developments of modeling techniques for economic systems. It contains a section of plenary, invited and contributed papers presented at the SME 2001 symposium. The papers presented in this volume reflect advances both in methodology and in applications in the area of modeling and control of economic systems.

Specifically written to assist in the quick retrieval of commercial, industrial, manufacturing, communicative, automotive, and agricultural research, this reference conveniently assembles the most recent print and electronic research tools, compact discs, and online databases for swift collection and organization of information in the business, marketing, and financial communities.

The developments within the computationally and numerically oriented areas of Operations Research, Finance, Statistics and Economics have been significant over the past few decades. Each area has been developing its own computer systems and languages that suit its needs, but there is relatively little cross-fertilization among them yet. This volume contains a collection of invited, peer-reviewed papers that each highlights a particular system, language, model or paradigm from one of the computational disciplines, aimed at researchers and practitioners from the other fields. The 15 papers cover a wide range of relevant topics; Models and Modelling in Operations Research and Economic (Matt Saltzman; Pere Gomis-Porqueras and Alex Haro; Jerome Kruiser; Don Shobrys), novel High-level and Object-Oriented approaches to programming (Jurgen Doornik; Chris Birchenhall; Christopher Baum; Tim Hultberg), through advanced uses of Maple and MATLAB (Des Higham and Peter Kloeden; Ric Herbert, Jerzy Ombach and Jolanta Jarnicka; George Lindfield and John Penny), and applications and solution of Differential Equations in Finance (Peter Honoré and Rolf Poulsen; Jens Hugger; Sasha Cyganowski and Lars GrÃ1⁄4ne). Each article is written from a personal, explorative perspective that invites the reader to discover new approaches to solving old problems. In the longer run it is hoped that this volume will facilitate cross-fertilization among the computational fields.

The developments within the computationally and numerically oriented ar eas of Operations Research, Finance, Statistics and Economics have been sig nificant over the past few decades. Each area has been developing its own computer systems and languages that suit its needs, but there is relatively little cross-fertilization among them yet. This volume contains a collection of papers that each highlights a particular system, language, model or paradigm from one of the computational disciplines, aimed at researchers and practitioners from the other fields. The 15 papers cover a number of relevant topics: Models and Modelling in Operations Research and Economics, novel High-level and Object-Oriented approaches to programming, through advanced uses of Maple and MATLAB, and applications and solution of Differential Equations in Finance. It is hoped that the material in this volume will whet the reader's appetite for discovering and exploring new approaches to old problems, and in the longer run facilitate cross-fertilization among the fields. We would like to thank the contributing authors, the reviewers, the publisher, and last, but not least, Jesper Saxtorph, Anders Nielsen, and Thomas Stidsen for invaluable technical assistance.

This book focuses on the topic of improving software quality using adaptive control approaches. As software systems grow in complexity, some of the central challenges include their ability to self-manage and adapt at run time, responding to changing user needs and environments, faults, and vulnerabilities. Control theory approaches presented in the book provide some of the answers to these challenges. The book weaves together diverse research topics (such as requirements engineering, software development processes, pervasive and autonomic computing, service-oriented architectures, on-line adaptation of software behavior, testing and QoS control) into a coherent whole. Written by world-renowned experts, this book is truly a noteworthy and authoritative reference for students, researchers and practitioners to better understand how the adaptive control approach can be applied to improve the quality of software systems. Book chapters also outline future theoretical and experimental challenges for researchers in this area. Contents:Prioritizing Coverage-Oriented Testing Process — An Adaptive-Learning-Based Approach and Case Study (Fevzi Belli, Mubariz Eminov, Nida Gökçe & W Eric Wong)Statistical Evaluation Methods for V&V of Neuro-Adaptive Systems (Y Liu, J Schumann & B Cukic)Adaptive Random Testing (Dave Towey)Transparent Shaping: A Methodology for Adding Adaptive Behavior to Existing Software Systems and Applications (S Masoud Sadjadi, Philip K McKinley & Betty H C Cheng)Rule Extraction to Understand Changes in an Adaptive System (Marjorie A Darrah & Brian J Taylor)Requirements Engineering Via Lyqpunov Analysis for Adaptive Flight Control Systems (Giampiero Campa, Marco Mammarella, Mario L Fravolini & Bojan Cukic)Quantitative Modeling for Incremental Software Process Control (Scott D Miller, Raymond A DeCarlo & Aditya P Mathur)Proactive Monitoring and Control of Workflow Execution in Adaptive Service-based Systems (Stephen S Yau & Dazhi Huang)Accelerated Life Tests and Software Aging (Rivalino Matias Jr & Kishor S Trivedi) Readership: Students, researchers and practitioners in software engineering, as well as applied optimization and control theory. Keywords:Software Quality;Control;Software Cybernetics