Old English Medievalism

An exploration across thirteen essays by critics, translators and creative writers on the modern-day afterlives of Old English, delving into how it has been transplanted and recreated in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

The first of a two-volume examination of medievalism and academic scholarship, this collection is divided into four sections: Canonizing Chaucer, Antiquarian loomings, Medievalism, medieval studies, and Medieval studies at the millennium. Medievalism, the "continuing process of creating the middle ages", engenders formal medieval studies from a wide variety of popular interests in the middle ages. This volume accordingly explores the common ground between artisticand popular constructions of the middle ages and the study of the middle ages within the academy. Essays treat the genesis of medieval studies in early modern antiquarianism; the erection of academic medievalism through persistent, indeed perverse, appeals to heroic medieval manliness and attenuated female spirituality; the current jeopardy of the book (a medieval invention) in the face of technological assau Contributors: DAVID O. MATTHEWS, STEVE ELLIS, ANTONIA WARD, GRAHAM PARRY, MARGARET CLUNIES ROSS, ANNA SMOL, DAVID ALLAN, MATILDE MATEO, MARYA DEVOTO, ULRIKE WIETHAUS, STEPHEN STEELE, JAMES KENNEDY, WILLIAM CALIN, JESSE D. HURLBUT, JOAN GRENIER-WINTHER, WILLIAM PADEN

A HISTORY OF OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE A History of Old English Literature has been significantly revised to provide an unequivocal response to the renewed historicism in medieval studies. Focusing on the production and reception of Old English texts and on their relation to Anglo-Saxon history and culture, this new edition covers an exceptionally broad array of genres. These range from riddles and cryptograms to allegory, liturgical texts, and romance, as well as lyric poetry and heroic legend. The authors also integrate discussions of Anglo-Latin texts, crucial to understanding the development of Old English literature. This second edition incorporates extensive reference to scholarship that has evolved over the past decade, with new chapters on both Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and on incidental and marginal texts. There is expanded treatment throughout, including increased coverage of legal texts and scientific and scholastic texts. The book concludes with a retrospective outline of the reception of Anglo-Saxon literature and culture in subsequent periods.

In 1859, the historian Lord John Acton asserted: 'two great principles divide the world, and contend for the mastery, antiquity and the middle ages'. The influence on Victorian culture of the 'Middle Ages' (broadly understood then as the centuries between the Roman Empire and the Renaissance) was both pervasive and multi-faceted. This 'medievalism' led, for instance, to the rituals and ornament of the Medieval Catholic church being reintroduced to Anglicanism. It led to the Saxon Witan being celebrated as a prototypical representative parliament. It resulted in Viking raiders being acclaimed as the forefathers of the British navy. And it encouraged innumerable nineteenth-century men to cultivate the superlative beards we now think of as typically 'Victorian'—in an attempt to emulate their Anglo-Saxon forefathers. Different facets of medieval life, and different periods before the Renaissance, were utilized in nineteenth-century Britain for divergent political and cultural agendas. Medievalism also became a dominant mode in Victorian art and architecture, with 75 per cent of churches in England built on a Gothic rather than a classical model. And it was pervasive in a wide variety of literary forms, from translated sagas to pseudo-medieval devotional verse to triple-decker novels. Medievalism even transformed nineteenth-century domesticity: while only a minority added moats and portcullises to their homes, the medieval-style textiles produced by Morris and Co. decorated many affluent drawing rooms. The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Medievalism is the first work to examine in full the fascinating phenomenon of 'medievalism' in Victorian Britain. Covering art, architecture, religion, literature, politics, music, and social reform, the Handbook also surveys earlier forms of antiquarianism that established the groundwork for Victorian movements. In addition, this collection addresses the international context, by mapping the spread of medievalism across Europe, South America, and India, amongst other places.

It appears that literary work possesses eternal temporal validity due to its autonomous aesthetic value, whereas criticism provides points of view having temporary and transitory significance. Despite such claims, the vector of methodology in our series of books, dealing with the history of English literature, relies on Viktor Shklovsky, T. S. Eliot, Mikhail Bakhtin, and especially Yuri Tynyanov, whose main reasoning would be that literature is a system of dominant, central and peripheral, marginalized elements – to us, “tradition” (centre) versus “innovation” (margin) engaged in a “battle” for supremacy, demarginalization, and the right to form a new literary system – and the development or historical advancement of literature is the substitution of systems. Roman Jakobson and French structuralism, on the whole, later Linda Hutcheon, with her “system” and “constant”, and Bran Nicol with the “dominant”, to say nothing about Itamar Even-Zohar and his theory of polysystem, to a certain extent Julia Kristeva, and even Homi Bhabha – as well as our humble contribution, by means of the books in the present series, we would like to believe – maintain Tynyanov’s line of thinking and concepts alive, which have developed and emerged nowadays more like a kind of “neo-formalism”.

Cover page -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chronology -- Introduction -- Plates -- chapter 1 The Advent of the Goths the medieval in the 1760s -- chapter 2 Chivalry, Romances and Revival chaucer into scott: the lay of the last minstrel and ivanhoe -- chapter 3 Dim Religious Lights the lay, christabel and 'the eve of st agnes' -- chapter 4 'Residences for the Poor' the pugin of contrasts -- chapter 5 Back to the Future in the 1840s carlyle, ruskin, sybil, newman -- chapter 6 'The Death of Arthur was the Favourite Volume' malory into tennyson -- chapter 7 History, the Revival and the PRB westminster, ivanhoe, visions and revisions -- chapter 8 History and Legend the subjects of poetry and painting -- chapter 9 The Working Men and the Common Good madox brown, maurice, morris, hopkins -- chapter 10 Among the Lilies and the Weeds hopkins, whistler, burne-jones, beardsley -- chapter 11 'I Have Seen ... A White Horse' chesterton, yeats, ford, pound -- chapter 12 Modernist Medievalism eliot, pound, jones -- chapter 13 Twentieth-century Christendom waugh, auden, inklings, hill -- epilogue 'Riding through the glen' -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Dr Garde questions modern interpretations of the nature and purpose of Old English religious poetry.