On The Use Of Radar In Identifying Tornadoes And Severe Thunderstorms

This report contains material taken from the available literature on identifying severe thunderstorms, hail, and tornadoes from radar echoes. Radar echo signatures indicating severe weather are consolidated for geographical areas and weather types to afford the radar meteorologist easy access to the findings of several investigators in the weather radar field. Information concerning X-band, S-band, and C-band radars is included.

A comparison is made between Doppler and conventional radar as a tool in operational forecasting of hazardous weather. Estimates are given of the cost increment of Doppler capability above the basic radar cost. The advantages and limitations of dual-Doppler and multi-Doppler networks are also considered. The evidence leads to the firm conclusion that, for operations in areas subject to the threat of tornadoes, hurricanes, and other damaging windstorms, the cost increment of single-Doppler radar capability is more than justified by its advantages over conventional radar. On the other hand, dual-Doppler capability is not recommended for operational use, although it is an excellent research tool.