Optical Networks

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on optical networks, the backbone of today’s communication and information society. The book reviews the many underlying technologies that enable the global optical communications infrastructure, but also explains current research trends targeted towards continued capacity scaling and enhanced networking flexibility in support of an unabated traffic growth fueled by ever-emerging new applications. The book is divided into four parts: Optical Subsystems for Transmission and Switching, Core Networks, Datacenter and Super-Computer Networking, and Optical Access and Wireless Networks. Each chapter is written by world-renown experts that represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies. Every chapter provides a complete picture of its field, from entry-level information to a snapshot of the respective state-of-the-art technologies to emerging research trends, providing something useful for the novice who wants to get familiar with the field to the expert who wants to get a concise view of future trends.

Research and development on optical wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks have matured considerably. While optics and electronics should be used appropriately for transmission and switching hardware, note that "intelligence'' in any network comes from "software,'' for network control, management, signaling, traffic engineering, network planning, etc.The role of software in creating powerful network architectures for optical WDM networks is emphasized. Optical WDM Networks is a textbook for graduate level courses. Its focus is on the networking aspects of optical networking, but it also includes coverage of physical layers in optical networks. The author introduces WDM and its enabling technologies and discusses WDM local, access, metro, and long-haul network architectures. Each chapter is self-contained, has problems at the end of each chapter, and the material is organized for self study as well as classroom use. The material is the most recent and timely in capturing the state-of-the-art in the fast-moving field of optical WDM networking.

Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (G-PON) have a large and increasing base of support among telecommunications operators around the world. Written by two of the experts in the field, this book explains G-PON in detail, both the original 2.5 Gb/s version and XG-PON, the 10 Gb/s second generation. The foundation established by this book is also invaluable in understanding NG2 (next-generation 2) G-PON, which is built upon a number of XG-PON systems on parallel wavelengths. As well as a history that clarifies the reasons for many of the existing features, the book looks at current and evolving technology and discusses some of the alternatives for future access networks.

Passive optical network (PON) technologies have become an important broadband access technology as a result of the growing demand for bandwidth-hungry video-on-demand applications. Written by the leading researchers and industry experts in the field, Passive Optical Networks provides coherent coverage of networking technologies, fiber optic transmission technologies, as well as the electronics involved in PON system development. Features: An in-depth overview of PON technologies and the potential applications that they enable Comprehensive review of all major PON standards and architecture evolutions, as well as their pros and cons Balanced coverage of recent research findings with economic and engineering considerations Presents system issues of protocols, performance, management and protection Extensive references to standards and research materials for further studies This book provides an authoritative overview of PON technologies and system requirements and is ideal for engineers and managers in industry, university researchers, and graduate students. Balances treatment of the optical technologies with systems issues such as protocols, performance, management and protection Covers latest developments in WDM-PONS, protection switching, dynamic bandwidth allocation Practical coverage with a chapter on PON applications and deployment Case studies on implementing PONs

Following the emergence of lasers and optical fibers, optical networking made its beginning in the 1970s with high-speed LANs/MANs. In the 1980s, when the bandwidth of intercity microwave links turned out to be inadequate for digital telephony, the technology for single-wavelength optical communications using SONET/SDH arrived as a saviour to replace the microwave links. However, single-wavelength links couldn't utilize the huge bandwidth (40 THz) of optical fibers, while the bandwidth demands kept soaring. This necessitated the use of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) for concurrent transmission over multiple wavelengths, increasing the available bandwidth significantly. Today, optical networking has become an indispensable part of telecommunication networks at all hierarchical levels. The book Optical Networks provides a graduate level presentation of optical networks, capturing the past, present and ensuing developments with a unique blend of breadth and depth. The book is organized in four parts and three appendices. Part I presents an overview and the enabling technologies in two chapters, Part II presents the single-wavelength optical networks in three chapters, while Part III deals with the various forms of WDM optical networks in four chapters. Finally, Part IV presents some selected topics in six chapters, dealing with a number of contemporary and emerging topics. Optical Networks provides a comprehensive all-in-one text for beginning graduate as well as final-year undergraduate students, and also allows R&D engineers to quickly refresh the basics and then move on to emerging topics.

Optical Networks, Third Edition continues to be the authoritative source for information on optical networking technologies and techniques. Componentry and transmission are discussed in detail with emphasis on practical networking issues that affect organizations as they evaluate, deploy, or develop optical networks. New updates in this rapidly changing technology are introduced. These updates include sections on pluggable optical transceivers, ROADM (reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer), and electronic dispersion compensation. Current standards updates such as G.709 OTN, as well as, those for GPON, EPON, and BPON are featured. Expanded discussions on multimode fiber with additional sections on photonic crystal and plastic fibers, as well as expanded coverage of Ethernet and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). This book clearly explains all the hard-to-find information on architecture, control and management. It serves as your guide at every step of optical networking-- from planning to implementation through ongoing maintenance. This book is your key to thoroughly understanding practical optical networks. In-depth coverage of optimization, design, and management of the components and transmission of optical networks Filled with examples, figures, and problem sets to aid in development of dependable, speedy networks Focuses on practical, networking-specific issues: everything you need to know to implement currently available optical solutions

This book is intended as a graduate/post graduate level textbook for courses on high-speed optical networks as well as computer networks. The ten chapters cover basic principles of the technology as well as latest developments and further discuss network security, survivability, and reliability of optical networks and priority schemes used in wavelength routing. This book also goes on to examine Fiber To The Home (FTTH) standards and their deployment and research issues and includes examples in all the chapters to aid the understanding of problems and solutions. Presents advanced concepts of optical network devices Includes examples and exercises inall the chapters of the book to aid the understanding of basic problems and solutions for undergraduate and postgraduate students Discusses optical ring metropolitan area networks and queuing system and its interconnection with other networks Discusses routing and wavelength assignment Examines restoration schemes in the survivability of optical networks

This book takes a pragmatic approach to deploying state-of-the-art optical networking equipment in metro-core and backbone networks. The book is oriented towards practical implementation of optical network design. Algorithms and methodologies related to routing, regeneration, wavelength assignment, sub rate-traffic grooming and protection are presented, with an emphasis on optical-bypass-enabled (or all-optical) networks. The author has emphasized the economics of optical networking, with a full chapter of economic studies that offer guidelines as to when and how optical-bypass technology should be deployed. This new edition contains: new chapter on dynamic optical networking and a new chapter on flexible/elastic optical networks. Expanded coverage of new physical-layer technology (e.g., coherent detection) and its impact on network design and enhanced coverage of ROADM architectures and properties, including colorless, directionless, contentionless and gridless. Covers ‘hot’ topics, such as Software Defined Networking and energy efficiency, algorithmic advancements and techniques, especially in the area of impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment. Provides more illustrative examples of concepts are provided, using three reference networks (the topology files for the networks are provided on a web site, for further studies by the reader). Also exercises have been added at the end of the chapters to enhance the book’s utility as a course textbook.