Optical Performance Monitoring

This in-depth, detailed reference presents for the first time a comprehensive treatment of recent advances in optical performance monitoring. Written by leading experts in the field, the book provides an overview of recent developments in the area and the role of OPM in future optical systems and networks. Detailed discussions of various advanced techniques are provided to illustrate their principles. FEATURES: Presents the principles and applications of advanced OPM techniques, together with a comparative evaluation of their effectiveness in monitoring individual parameters, such as optical signal-to-noise ratio, chromatic dispersion, and polarization mode dispersion Explains the principles of the various advanced optical signal processing techniques and their applications in OPM Examines the role and applications of OPM in optical networks, including optical transport networks, coherent optical systems, and long-haul optical transmission systems Discusses the current approaches of OPM in the global standard SDH/SONET This book is ideal for technical professionals and researchers who want to understand and evaluate advanced techniques in OPM and their impact on the practical design of next-generation optical systems and networks. Provides a thorough and detailed discussion of the latest optical performance monitoring (OPM) techniques and their applications, presenting a comparative analysis of each method Contains high-quality technical contributions from leading experts, covering both principles and practical aspects of advanced OPM techniques Addresses challenges and opportunities related to OPM in next-generation reconfigurable optical systems and networks

Next generation optical networks will evolve from static to dynamically reconfigurable architectures to meet the increasing bandwidth and service requirements. The benefits of dynamically reconfigurable networks (improved operations, reduced footprint and cost) have introduced new challenges, in particular the need for complex management which has put pressure on the engineering rules and transmission margins. This has provided the main drive to develop new techniques for optical performance monitoring (OPM) without using optical-to-electrical-to-optical conversions. When considering impairments due to chromatic dispersion in dynamic networks, each channel will traverse a unique path through the network thus the channels arriving at the monitoring point will, in general, exhibit different amounts of residual dispersion. Therefore, in a dynamic network it is necessary to monitor all channels individually to quantify the degradation, without the requirement of knowing the data path history. The monitoring feature can be used in conjunction with a dispersion compensation device which can either be optical or electrical or used to trigger real-time alarms for traffic re-routing. The proposed OPM technique is based on RF spectrum analysis and used for simultaneous and independent monitoring of power, chromatic dispersion (CD), polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in 40Gbit/s multi0channel systems. An analytical model is developed to describe the monitoring technique which allows the prediction of the measurement range. The experimental results are given for group velocity dispersion (GVD), differential group delay (DGD) and OSNR measurements. This technique is based on electro-optic down-conversion that simultaneously down-converts multiple channels, sharing the cost of the key components over multiple channels and making it cost effective for multi-channel operation. The measurement range achieved with this method is equal to 4742±100ps/nm for GVD, 200±4ps for DGD and 25±1dB for OSNR. To the knowledge of the author, these dispersion monitoring ranges are the largest reported to date for the bit-rate of 40Gbit/s with amplitude modulation formats.

Optical Transmission represents a wide set of visions of researchers who are active in the actual research scene in Europe. An aggregate of highlights of research in transmission with a state of the art presented by the researchers who are driving it are presented. The trends on research are in this book presented by one of the widest networks of excellence put together in Europe in the field of optical networking (more than 40 Research institutions were involved). The readers will find a specialized readout of the current trends and status of transmission ranging from simulation to ultimate experimental results, from modulations to devices. A highlight of Optical Transmission is the introduction in a technical book a chapter on techno-economics, which drives the vision and field a little further. General reading could be made however is more suited for graduated users. The most important features of Optical Transmission are: wide vision on transmission related issues, state of the art and related trends and techniques; techno-economics of the field.

Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks Presents the technological advancements that enable high spectral-efficiency and high-capacity fiber-optic communication systems and networks This book examines key technology advances in high spectral-efficiency fiber-optic communication systems and networks, enabled by the use of coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The first of this book’s 16 chapters is a detailed introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the modulation formats, while Chapter 3 focuses on detection and error correction technologies for coherent optical communication systems. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to Nyquist-WDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In chapter 6, polarization and nonlinear impairments in coherent optical communication systems are discussed. The fiber nonlinear effects in a non-dispersion-managed system are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes linear impairment equalization and Chapter 9 discusses various nonlinear mitigation techniques. Signal synchronization is covered in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 describes the main constraints put on the DSP algorithms by the hardware structure. Chapter 13 addresses the fundamental concepts and recent progress of photonic integration. Optical performance monitoring and elastic optical network technology are the subjects of Chapters 14 and 15. Finally, Chapter 16 discusses spatial-division multiplexing and MIMO processing technology, a potential solution to solve the capacity limit of single-mode fibers. Contains basic theories and up-to-date technology advancements in each chapter Describes how capacity-approaching coding schemes based on low-density parity check (LDPC) and spatially coupled LDPC codes can be constructed by combining iterative demodulation and decoding Demonstrates that fiber nonlinearities can be accurately described by some analytical models, such as GN-EGN model Presents impairment equalization and mitigation techniques Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks is a reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students.

Machine Learning for Future Fiber-Optic Communication Systems provides a comprehensive and in-depth treatment of machine learning concepts and techniques applied to key areas within optical communications and networking, reflecting the state-of-the-art research and industrial practices. The book gives knowledge and insights into the role machine learning-based mechanisms will soon play in the future realization of intelligent optical network infrastructures that can manage and monitor themselves, diagnose and resolve problems, and provide intelligent and efficient services to the end users. With up-to-date coverage and extensive treatment of various important topics related to machine learning for fiber-optic communication systems, this book is an invaluable reference for photonics researchers and engineers. It is also a very suitable text for graduate students interested in ML-based signal processing and networking. Discusses the reasons behind the recent popularity of machine learning (ML) concepts in modern optical communication networks and the why/where/how ML can play a unique role Presents fundamental ML techniques like artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), K-means clustering, expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), reinforcement learning, and more Covers advanced deep learning (DL) methods such as deep neural networks (DNNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and generative adversarial networks (GANs) Individual chapters focus on ML applications in key areas of optical communications and networking

A tutorial introduction to fiber optics, which explains fundamental concepts of fiber optics, components and systems with minimal math. With more than 100,000 copies in print, Understanding Fiber Optics has been widely used in the classroom, for self study, and in corporate training since the first edition was published in 1987. This is a reprint of the 5th edition, originally published by Pearson Education and now available at low cost from Laser Light Press.