Overcoming Barriers To Eliminate Hepatitis C An Issue Of Infectious Disease Clinics Of North America E Book

The field of HCV has changed perhaps faster than any other field in medicine. The Guest Editors have strived to create an issue that is a state-of-the-art analysis of solutions to specific challenges faced in the United States and globally in implementing HCV elimination strategies. They believe that clinicians now have the tools and road maps needed to accomplish this goal. The clinical review articles in this issue accomplish that: Using Existing Health Care Infrastructure To Expand HCV Care; Creating A Reproducible Health Economic Model To Describe The Burden Of HCV And Cost Of Treatment In Any Country; The Best Uses Of Cost-Effectiveness Models In HCV; Increasing Access To HCV Care In Corrections; Cure As Prevention Strategies For HCV In People Who Inject Drugs; Australia Will Eliminate HCV – How It Works; New York Is The First State In The US To Develop An HCV Elimination Strategy; When HCV Diagnostics Are The Barrier To Care; Key Findings From The Checs HCV Cohort Study; Strategies To Reduce HCV Reinfection Rates In People Who Inject Drugs; Strategies To Reduce HCV Reinfection Rates In Men Who Have Sex With Other Men; The Value Of Curing HCV From A Payer’s Perspective; How To Expand Care Capacity In HCV; Strategies To Eliminate HCV In The HIV Coinfected Population; and The US Veteran’s Administration: Lessons Learned And Best Practices For HCV Elimination.

The field of HCV has changed perhaps faster than any other field in medicine. The Guest Editors have strived to create an issue that is a state-of-the-art analysis of solutions to specific challenges faced in the United States and globally in implementing HCV elimination strategies. They believe that clinicians now have the toolsand road maps needed to accomplish this goal. The clinical review articles in this issue accomplish that: Using Existing Health Care Infrastructure To Expand HCV Care; Creating A Reproducible Health Economic Model To Describe The Burden Of HCV And Cost Of Treatment In Any Country; The Best Uses Of Cost-Effectiveness Models In HCV; Increasing Access To HCV Care In Corrections; Cure As Prevention Strategies For HCV In People Who Inject Drugs; Australia Will Eliminate HCV - How It Works; New York Is The First State In The US To Develop An HCV Elimination Strategy;? When HCV Diagnostics Are The Barrier To Care; Key Findings From The Checs HCV Cohort Study; Strategies To Reduce HCV Reinfection Rates In People Who Inject Drugs; Strategies To Reduce HCV Reinfection Rates In Men Who Have Sex With Other Men; The Value Of Curing HCV From A Payer's Perspective; How To Expand Care Capacity In HCV; Strategies To Eliminate HCV In The HIV Coinfected Population; and The US Veteran's Administration: Lessons Learned And Best Practices For HCV Elimination.

Hepatitis C infection can be an acute or chronic illness and is the most common cause of liver disease in the US. It often goes undiagnosed until significant organ damage has occurred. This issue of the ID Clinics discusses the staging of liver disease, treatments for those newly diagnosed, and those who are dealing with chronic illness, along with managing drug therapy and virus resistance.

Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the first of two, examines the feasibility of hepatitis B and C elimination in the United States and identifies critical success factors. The phase two report will outline a strategy for meeting the elimination goals discussed in this report.

The Guest Editors have compiled a comprehensive issue that addresses the current clinical diagnosis, treatment,and management of infections in children. Top authors in their field have written review articles on the following topics: Update on Varicella Zoster Virus in Children; Emerging Respiratory Viruses in Children; Bronchiolitis in Children; Antimicrobial resistance in pediatrics in Children; New updates in influenza vaccination in Children; Changing epidemiology of CAP in Children; Zika Virus in Children; Ebola Virus in Children; Infections in Children on biologics; New rapid diagnostics in Children; Infections in HSCT Children; Changing epidemiology of H. influenzae infections in Children; Norovirus in Children; PEP in children; Syphilis in Children; Encephalitis in Children; and Malaria in Children. Infectious disease physicians will have the most current and up-to-date best practice information in their field.

WHO approved more hepatitis direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2020 which helped low- and middle-income countries increase the number of registered treatments, reduce prices of a full treatment under US$100 – update is as low as $60 for three months, and strive towards hepatitis C elimination. For the first time, this year’s report includes information on hepatitis C diagnostics. With a focus on selected countries with diverse HCV epidemics, the report provides updates on the various dimensions of access to HCV diagnostics and pharmaceutical products, including product pricing, the regulatory environment and patent status, which together shape the national hepatitis response in different settings. It highlights key areas for action by ministries of health and other government decision-makers, pharmaceutical manufacturers and technical partners. Globally, at the end of 2017, only 5 million – or 7% – of the 71 (62–79) million people chronically infected with HCV had cumulatively received treatment with DAAs. As countries continue to tackle the disease burden and service disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to ensure that the recent momentum and gains in the response to hepatitis C are not lost. Against this backdrop, this report is a strong reminder to continue to invest in building resilient and sustainable health systems that are focused on universal health coverage.

There are over 180 million people with chronic HCV infection worldwide with between 2.7 and 3.9 million in the United States. Hepatitis C most significantly affects Asia and Africa, with rates up to 15% in countries such as Egypt and up to 30% in certain regions such as Punjab, Pakistan. Hepatitis C places a significant burden on the public health infrastructure, as it remains the leading cause of chronic liver disease, accounting for 50-75% of primary liver cancers and is responsible for 30% of all liver transplantations. It is estimated to have cost the United States $5.5 billion in 1997, comparable to the national cost of asthma, $5.8 billion in 1994.This number is only expected to grow as the current HCV population ages, increasing overall rates of compensated cirrhosis/end-stage liver disease. The evolution of directly acting anti-virals has ushered in a new era for chronic hepatitis C. Ongoing drug development strategy has involved targeting several replication steps of the virus and the hope is to see all oral therapies by late 2014 or early 2015. Thus we are at an exciting cross roads with regard to new information and challenges with HCV: rising disease burden with associated high costs, the challenges globally and in multiple patient populations, and the impending availability of effective and well tolerated treatments. Therefore there is a need to commission an exclusive issue of GCNA for HCV.

This issue offers the latest information regarding the transmission of hepatitis viruses in various healthcare settings. It delves with a very timely and interesting patient safety subject that specifically targets healthcare professionals, gastroenterologists, hepatologists, oncologists, dentists and all healthcare workers to adopt and share a variety of best practices to prevent this adverse event. Well known faculty in liver disease, infection control as well as a medical practice in a legal setting have been assembled to produce a comprehensive and concise edition that highlights the latest information regarding hepatitis B and C transmission in healthcare. It aims to provide an overview on the molecular epidemiology, the outbreak reports, the transmission in hemodialysis, endoscopy, dental, oncology, management, legal aspects and the infection prevention measures to reduce the risk of needless exposure of patients to these blood borne pathogens.