Pacific Rampart

When James Boswell famously lamented the irrationality of war in 1777, he noted the universality of conflict across history and across space – even reaching what he described as the gentle and benign southern ocean nations. This volume discusses archaeological evidence of conflict from those southern oceans, from Palau and Guam, to Australia, Vanuatu and Tonga, the Marquesas, Easter Island and New Zealand. The evidence for conflict and warfare encompasses defensive earthworks on Palau, fortifications on Tonga, and intricate pa sites in New Zealand. It reports evidence of reciprocal sacrifice to appease deities in several island nations, and skirmishes and smaller scale conflicts, including in Easter Island. This volume traces aspects of colonial-era conflict in Australia and frontier battles in Vanuatu, and discusses depictions of World War II materiel in the rock art of Arnhem Land. Among the causes and motives discussed in these papers are pressure on resources, the ebb and flow of significant climate events, and the significant association of conflict with culture contact. The volume, necessarily selective, eclectic and wide-ranging, includes an incisive introduction that situates the evidence persuasively in the broader scholarship addressing the history of human warfare.

This book is a heavily illustrated, definitive history of the American-built forts and harbor defenses of Manila and Subic Bay in the Philippines. This work tells the history of these fortified islands (the most famous is the island of Corregidor) from those built by the Spanish to what remains today. Years of research at several archives allows this book to describe in great detail the defensive plans as well as the fortifications built between 1904 and 1942. The book follows the day by day of the fighting early in the Second World War that led to the surrender of these defenses, as well as the combat engagements in early 1945 when they were retaken. Consequently, it is simultaneously a "unit" history (the Coast Defense units stationed in the islands), a weapon /technical history (the artillery in the fixed gun and mortar batteries) and a combat history (the taking and then retaking of the fortress in World War II). This 470 page, hardcover book has been exhaustively researched to become the definitive account of these aspects. The text is supported with thorough referenced endnotes, bibliographical section, and six appendixes of historical data) and heavily illustrated with over 340 illustrations (black and white photographs, maps, and diagrams for many of the fort structures). The author, Glen M. Williford, has invested over 30 years of research into Pacific Rampart making it an important addition to the body of knowledge on these historical defenses and a must for any serious student of these fortifications and the story of Corregidor.

Description of the Pacific in wartime.

Timed perfectly with the National Park Service centennial celebration in 2016, this guidebook features the 75 best day hikes in national parks and monuments throughout Washington and Oregon including: North Cascades National Park San Juan Islands National Monument Olympic National Park Mount Rainier National Park Mount St. Helens National Monument Newberry National Volcanic Monument John Day Fossil Beds National Monument Crater Lake National Park Oregon Caves National Monument Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument Written in an informative style that will appeal to anyone, regardless of age, each trail description includes elevation gains, including a topographical map; clear, up-to-date driving directions; mileage and estimated hiking time; trail conditions; and more. Creaky Knees hiking guides are perfect for aging baby boomers, seniors, those traveling with small children, and anyone else interested more in a stroll than a climb.