Pathbreakers 2

A priceless autobiographical narrative of rare candour that reveals the unique thought processes, untiring efforts and colourful anecdotes of top achievers

Spurred by the Gold Rush of 1859, settlers of diverse backgrounds and nationalities trekked to Colorado and began building towns. Existing accounts of their struggles and those of townbuilders throughout the American West focus on boom-or-bust economics, rampant boosterism, and bitter social conflicts. This, according to sociologist Richard Hogan, is not the whole story. In Class and Community in Frontier ColoradoHogan offers a fresh perspective on the frontier townbuilding experience. He argues that townbuilding in Colorado was not, as some have suggested, monopolized by local boosters or national business interests. It was, instead, a complex, dynamic process that reflected competition, cooperation, and conflict among various socioeconomic classes, and between local and national business interests as well. Hogan shows how farmers, ranchers, miners, tradesmen, merchants, bankers, entrepreneurs, land speculators, and eastern investors all vied for control in six of Colorado’s emerging urban centers: Denver, Central City, Greeley, Golden, Pueblo, and Canon City. Meticulously he traces the conflicts and coalitions that arose in and among these groups. By combining historical sociology with local history, Hogan’s study challenges current thinking about economic development, class structure and conflict, political partisanship, collective action, and social change in the American West.

Contested Valor is a challenging examination of the use and status of black Marines in United States military service during the Cold War era. These pioneering men experienced contested military integration, as well as multiple forms of institutional and social opposition, which called their humanity, manhood, and rights to full citizenship into question. Efforts to undermine their service compromised their right to be counted among the elite and sidelined their story to the fringes of Marine Corps and U.S. history. Cameron McCoy describes the factors and pressures leading to the racial turbulence that surfaced in the Marine Corps from the end of World War II through Vietnam, and the measures taken by civilian and Marine officials to maintain and restore organizational integrity based on a foundation of white supremacy. He examines the psychological effects of institutionalized racism on African American Marines during the Vietnam era and the emergence of a new generation of black men unwilling to submit to the traditions of a Jim Crow Marine Corps. By exploring the realities American society constructed about black Marines, this work calls attention to the diverse ways in which these men coped within a strict, prejudiced organization and found greater purpose as U.S. Marines despite an embattled image. Contested Valor weaves the experiences of black Americans in the armed forces into the larger tapestry of the American racialist past and aptly captures the dilemmas, triumphs, and pitfalls that the first African American Marines encountered during the contentious eras of World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. McCoy explores the creation of organizational policies designed to minimize their footprint as U.S. Marines until the social experiment of military integration faded and illustrates the discriminatory practices that further delegitimized their wartime reputation. McCoy demonstrates that black Marines’ absence from the historical record has been compounded by the negligence and oversight of past historians as the Marine Corps reckons with its racist past and its first black Marines.

This 4-volume collection is the first compilation of primary sources to historicize the cultural impact of railways on a global scale from their inception in Great Britain to the Great Depression. Gathered together are over 200 rare out-of-print published and unpublished materials from archival and digital repositories throughout the world. Organized by historical geography, this third volume explores the railways through Eurasia.

Mission. Effective 1 January 2018, the total force will conduct the training and evaluation of 30 tasks designated in the BST program in order to sustain skills common for all Marines. Execution. Commanders Intent. The BST Program provides a structured approach for the service to ensure all Marines sustain proficiency in 30 of the 178 common skills taught during entry level training. The program will emphasize training using a leader-led, face-to-face approach. Small unit leaders (noncommissioned officers and above) will be the primary trainers and evaluators. Marines, private through general, will annually demonstrate their mastery of these common skills. Commanders will have flexibility in their approach to training and evaluating their units. Concept of Operations. The BST Program effectively begins 1 January 2018 as a calendar year requirement. However, commanders can immediately start incorporating BST training into their unit training plans and are encouraged to begin preparing their small unit leaders to conduct and evaluate the 30 common skills. Training support packages (TSP) and associated performance evaluation checklists for each of the 30 BST skills are online to assist small unit leaders. The TSPs provide small unit leaders the required information, performance steps, and evaluation criteria to facilitate leader-led training. The training is designed to be conducted in any environment from garrison to field, on the flight line, in the motor pool, maintenance bay, or on ship. Units may find that many of these skills are already embedded in their unit training plan, thereby minimizing the impact of the BST Program. Commanders determine how and when the training and evaluation will occur throughout the calendar year. Options range from training and evaluation over the course of a year to training throughout the year and then consolidating evaluation into a culminating event to foster esprit de corps. For example, training and evaluation can be combined in a teach it, test it method where Marines are evaluated immediately after the training is conducted, or Marines can be trained and then evaluated on a later date. All Marines have previously been taught these skills during entry level training, thus the expectation is that Marines have the ability to easily refresh and sustain these skills. However, if unable to pass, Marines will have multiple opportunities to remediate. Commanders have the entire calendar year to ensure their Marines train and pass all 30 of the skills, and will ensure that training is recorded. The 30 skills of BST Program are: Basic Infantry skills: Conduct observation Defend a position Describe the use of deadly force Employ a map and compass Handle detainees Identify anomalies Perform actions with a service rifle Perform immediate action upon contact with the enemy Perform weapons handling procedures with a service rifle Search an individual Stand a sentry post Visually identify indicators of improvised explosive devices Communications: Communicate using hand and arm signals Operate a VHF radio Submit a message First Aid: Apply a tourniquet Describe phases of tactical combat casualty care Treat a cold weather injury Treat a heat injury History: Identify significant events in Marine Corps history Identify the historical significance of Marine Corps uniform items Leadership: Apply the components of the decision cycle (OODA loop) Describe Marine air-ground task force organizations Describe operational security Describe stresses of combat Describe The Code of Conduct Describe rights of a prisoner of war Prepare for combat Uniform Code of Military Justice: Describe Article 15, Non-Judicial Punishment Describe Article 31, Rights of the Accused