Pesticide Application Equipment And Techniques

Origins of pest control formulations and application machines. Plant protection pesticides and application equipment. Liquid atomizers: design, theory, and use. Spray application machines. Spray applications to orchards and vines. Pesticide dust application equipment. Soil application equipment. Calibration of pesticides applicators. The benefits and use of plant protection machines. Safety considerations in the use of pesticide chemicals.

This book describes the main types of manually-operated or manually-carried pesticide application equipment. Most of the small-scale farmers in the developing countries, who have used pesticides, rely on a lever operated knapsack sprayer. These sprayers are now manufactured in many of the developing countries, who are introducing modern designs. The details of the design and the types of nozzle needed to treat crops and improve safety to the user are described. Changes in manufacturing techniques are resulting in certain plastics being used instead of brass. The less expensive compression sprayers are also described as these may become more important on the smallest farms. Details of the range of nozzles that can be used with hydraulic sprayers are given so the user can make a better selection of nozzle to apply pesticides more efficiently. Equipment used to apply reduced volumnes such as the spinning disc applicators is important, especially in areas where water supplies are difficult to obtain. Fog, granule, dust and other special applicators are also described. Specifications for the main types of applicator are given to assist those who have to purchase the equipment. The remaining sections provide guidance on safe application of pesticides and maintenance of the equipment. A glossary of terms is included.

Pesticide Application Methods is the standard work for all those involved in crop protection. This fully revised edition provides up-to-date information on the different types of application techniques and how they should be used to ensure efficient and effective pest control. Detailed information is provided on the role of chemical control in crop protection: targets, formulations and droplets, spray quality and the choice of nozzles are discussed, as are improvements in the design of new equipment, safety precautions and maintenance issues. Two new chapters highlight the application of biological pesticides and equipment used in the evaluation of pesticides. This important new edition is a commercially important reference tool and will be of great use and interest to all those working in crop protection, including agricultural entomologists and plant pathologists, pesticide scientists, advisors and consultants, large-scale growers, agricultural and horticultural scientists, agrochemical industry personnel including those involved in equipment supply and product formulation. Libraries in government and commercial research establishments, universities and agricultural colleges and anywhere the subject is taught or studied should have multiple copies of this definitive book on their shelves.

The second edition of Pesticide Application Methods has been fully revised to provide up–to–date information on the different types of application techniques and how they should be used to ensure efficient and effective pesticide control, thus reducing environmental impacts. Detailed information is provided on the role of chemical control in crop protection, discussing targets, formulations and droplets, spray quality and the choice of nozzles, improvements in the design of new equipment and safety precautions and maintenance issues.

Describes the main types of manually-operated or manually-carried pesticide application equipment. Gives details of design and shows the type of nozzle needed to treat crops and to improve the safety and efficiency of the spraying operation.

Pesticides continue to provide an important tool in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. Hitherto IPM programmes have had a strong bias towards insect control, but farmers need to control weeds, plant pathogens and other pest problems.This book follows the author's successful “pesticide application methods” by relating the equipment needs to the overall pest control requirement of major crops. It outlines the pest problems against which farmers are using pesticides and focusses on the details of the application techniques they need to optimise pesticide use.Much attention is now being given to genetically modified crops, but these do not necessarily avoid the use of pesticides. Some are engineered to be resistant to certain herbicides, so the use of these herbicides will still require careful application in order to minimise environmental side effects. Similarly, crops engineered for resistance to certain insect pest species may remain susceptible to other pests, thus emphasising the need for crop monitoring and careful use of any chemicals to avoid disrupting biological control.

The role of chemical control. Targets. Formulations. Droplets. Nozzles. Hand-operated hydraulic sprayers. Power-operated hydraulic sprayers. Air-carrier sprayers. Controlled droplet application. Fogging. Dust and granule application. Aerial application. Injection and fumigation techniques. Maintenance of equipment. Safety precautions. Selection of spraying equipment. Recent developments.