Pesticide Chemistry And Toxicology

Pesticide control involves killing pest organisms or otherwise preventing them from destructive behavior. Pesticides are either natural or synthetic and are applied to target pests in a myriad of formulations (EC,WP, SP, FP, G etc.) and application technology systems (sprays, baits, slow-release diffusion, dust, etc.). In recent years, the bacterial genes coding for insecticidal proteins have been incorporated into various crops that dealt with the mortality of the pests feeding on them. Many other eco-friendly methods for insect pest control such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), use of bio-pesticides etc., are becoming popular. Bio-pesticides and IPM should show good growth in the future, as there is growing concern for the eco-friendly organic agriculture and could be achieved through Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). Use of pesticides requires a proper understanding of the chemistry, their handling and their use in crop protection or hygiene. These are toxic chemicals and require a good understanding of therapy and antidotes at the time of poisoning. This e-book covers pesticide chemistry, metabolic/degradation pathways, biochemical toxicology, therapy and antidotes, nano-pesticides and terminologies associated with pesticide toxicology. the book should serve as a text book for academia, or as a reference work for agriculturists, environmentalists and industry professionals.

Pesticide Chemistry: Human Welfare and the Environment, Volume 3: Mode of Action, Metabolism and Toxicology covers the proceeding of the Fifth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry. This book is organized into three parts that tackle relevant issues regarding the use of pesticide. The opening part tackles topics relevant to the biochemistry of pests and mode of action of pesticides, such as influence of chlorinated and parathyroid insecticide on cellular calcium regulatory mechanisms; behavioral and lethal actions of amidines on invertebrates; and insect chitin synthetase as biochemical probe for insecticidal compounds. The second part encompasses metabolism and degradation of pesticides and xenobiotics and includes topics on propesticides; selective toxicity conferred by activation; and comparative biochemistry of animal, plant, and microorganism oxidases. The last part covers the toxicology of pesticides and xenobiotics, including the role of biochemical studies in modern toxicological assessment of pesticides; neurophysiological and behavioral assessment of pesticide toxicity; and genetic toxicology applied to the assessment of mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic action of pesticides and related compounds. This book will be of great interest to chemists, biologists, botanists, and entomologists or professionals whose line of work involves the use of pesticides and who are concerned with pesticide side-effects to the users and the environment.

The protection of human health and food and fiber resources against the ravages of pests of many sorts is a continuous struggle by all people in the world. The use of chemical pesticides as an aid in this struggle is now also global. These chemicals are deliberately added to the environment for the purpose of killing or injuring some form of life. Because pesticides are generally less selectively toxic than would be desired, non-target species, including humans, must be protected from injury by these chemicals. This can only be achieved by thorough understanding of the comparative toxicology of these compounds, and by minimizing human (and other desirable species) exposure. The latter can only be achieved by sound regulatory policies that utilize scientific principles and data, properly tempered by both gaps in that data and sociologic and economic considerations. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical and Regulatory Perspectives" held in Riva del Garda on October 6-15, 1986. This NATO-ASI has been promoted by the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington at Seattle, by the Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and by the Giovanni Lorenzini Foundation, and has been sponsored by both the Society of Toxicology (USA) and the Italian Society of Toxicology.

This book was originally published as a Russian edition in mid-1968. It represented the first single-volume discussion of chemical pest control and of the detailed chemistry.of all modern pesticide chemicals since D. E. H. Frear's classical book on this same subject, first published in 1942 (van No strand) with the latest (third) edition in 1955. Since 1955 many new pesti cide chemicals have achieved commercial status, and many of the older ones have been supplanted. There is no up-to-date equivalent of this present volume in the world literature, with the exception of the encyclopedic and largely biologically oriented two-volume work "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel" (R. Wegler, ed.) published by Springer Verlag in 1970. Professor Melnikov has updated the 1968 Russian edition, with emphasis on the primary Russian sources yet with excellent world wide coverage of the latest chemicals to approach field stature in modern chemical pest control, for the present translation."

This book brings together key features of the toxicology and occupational hazards of pesticides and the way their use is regulated in the main trading regions of the world. There are chapters on each of the main groups of insecticides, namely organochlorines, anticholinesterases and pyrethrins and pyrethroids. The book also covers fungicides and herbicides, as well as more specialised agents such as microbial pesticides. The risks and hazards to humans are considered, both occupational and through the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. Additionally, clinical aspects of pesticide poisoning are discussed. The possibility of harm from pesticide exposure has led to the development of national and international regulations governing the application of pesticides. The book describes the regulatory systems in three major economic areas: the North American Free Trade Area (USA, Canada and Mexico), the European Union and Japan. This book should be of interest to all individuals working on the development and application of pesticides anywhere in the world. All those involved in the manufacture, regulation and toxicology of pesticides should also benefit from reading this book.

Environmental-friendliness, issues of public health, and the pros and cons of genetically-modified crops all receive regular coverage in the world's media. This, in turn, has led to increased questioning and investigation of chemical pesticides. Stenersen's concise and timely introduction to chemical pesticides describes these compounds according to their mode of action at the cellular and biochemical level. Chemical Pesticides provides answers to questions such as why pesticides are toxic to the target organism and why pesticides are toxic to some organisms and not others. It describes how various poisons interfere with biochemical processes in organisms. The book also explores how resistance to pesticides develops, how resistance can be used to illustrate the theory of evolution, and how it can be used to produce herbicide-resistant crop plants. Legal matters and potential environmental problems are also discussed. By providing an integrated, yet simple description of modern chemical pesticides, the author provides a relevant text for professionals and students in biological disciplines such as biochemistry, medicine, agriculture, and veterinary science.