Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

The transformation of vibrations into electric energy through the use of piezoelectric devices is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. With Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, world-leading researchers provide a timely and comprehensive coverage of the electromechanical modelling and applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters. They present principal modelling approaches, synthesizing fundamental material related to mechanical, aerospace, civil, electrical and materials engineering disciplines for vibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting provides the first comprehensive treatment of distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric energy harvesting with extensive case studies including experimental validations, and is the first book to address modelling of various forms of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from airflow excitation to moving loads, thus ensuring its relevance to engineers in fields as disparate as aerospace engineering and civil engineering. Coverage includes: Analytical and approximate analytical distributed-parameter electromechanical models with illustrative theoretical case studies as well as extensive experimental validations Several problems of piezoelectric energy harvesting ranging from simple harmonic excitation to random vibrations Details of introducing and modelling piezoelectric coupling for various problems Modelling and exploiting nonlinear dynamics for performance enhancement, supported with experimental verifications Applications ranging from moving load excitation of slender bridges to airflow excitation of aeroelastic sections A review of standard nonlinear energy harvesting circuits with modelling aspects.

Mechanical Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: Generating Electricity from Human Walking provides the state-of-the-art, recent mechanical designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on piezoelectric stacks. The book discusses innovative mechanism designs for energy harvesting from multidimensional force excitation, such as human walking, which offers higher energy density. Coverage includes analytical modeling, optimal design, simulation study, prototype fabrication, and experimental investigation. Detailed examples of their analyses and implementations are provided. The book's authors provide a unique perspective on this field, primarily focusing on novel designs for PZT Energy harvesting in biomedical engineering as well as in integrated multi-stage force amplification frame. This book presents force-amplification compliant mechanism design and force direction-transmission mechanism design. It explores new mechanism design approaches using piezoelectric materials and permanent magnets. Readers can expect to learn how to design new mechanisms to realize multidimensional energy harvesting systems. Provides new mechanical designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters for multidimensional force excitation Contains both theoretical and experimental results Fully supported with real-life examples on design, modeling and implementation of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices

This book covers the topic of vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials are analyzed in the context of their electromechanical coupling, heterogeneity, microgeometry and interrelations between electromechanical properties. Piezoelectric ceramics and composites based on ferroelectrics are advanced materials that are suitable for harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations using inertial energy harvesting which relies on the resistance of a mass to acceleration and kinematic energy harvesting which couples the energy harvester to the relative movement of different parts of a source. In addition to piezoelectric materials, research efforts to develop optimization methods for complex piezoelectric energy harvesters are also reviewed. The book is important for specialists in the field of modern advanced materials and will stimulate new effective piezotechnical applications.

Piezoelectric Aeroelastic Energy Harvesting explains the design and implementation of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices based on fluid-structure interaction. There is currently an increase in demand for low power electronic instruments in a range of settings, and recent advances have driven their energy consumption downwards. As a result, the possibility to extract energy from an operational environment is of growing significance to industry and academic research globally. This book solves problems related to the integration of smart structures with the aeroelastic system, addresses the importance of the aerodynamic model on accurate prediction of the performance of the energy harvester, describes the overall effect of the piezoelectric patch on the dynamics of the system, and explains different mechanisms for harvesting energy via fluid-structure interaction. This wealth of innovative technical information is supported by introductory chapters on piezoelectric materials, energy harvesting and circuits, and fluid structure interaction, opening this interdisciplinary topic up for readers with a range of backgrounds. Provides new designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters for fluid-structure interaction Explains how to correctly model aerodynamics for effective aeroelastic energy harvesting Numerical examples allow the reader to practice the design, modeling and implementation of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices

Piezoelectric energy is a renewable alternative energy source that operates on a smaller scale than renewable energy generation plants which generate Mega-Giga Watts of power. Its potential to 'eliminate' contemporary batteries, which are classified as hazardous wastes, makes it an important technological advancement in a world increasingly concerned about eliminating waste, increasing sustainability and shifting to more 'green' consumption habits.Authored by a pioneer of piezoelectric actuators and piezoelectric energy harvesting, this unique compendium provides a solid theoretical background of piezoelectrics, practical material selection, device design optimization, and energy harvesting electric circuits. Included in each chapter are a list of chapter essentials, check points, example problems and solutions, and practice problems.Written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, university researchers, and industry engineers studying or working in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, the useful reference text provides readers with the essential knowledge to conduct research and raises readers' awareness of known pitfalls and mis-directions in the field.

The electromechanical coupling effect introduced by piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (PVEH) presents serious modeling challenges. This book provides close-form accurate mathematical modeling and experimental techniques to design and validate dual function PVEH vibration absorbing devices as a solution to mitigate vibration and maximize operational efficiency. It includes in-depth experimental validation of a PVEH beam model based on the analytical modal analysis method (AMAM), precisely identifying electrical loads that harvest maximum power and induce maximum electrical damping. The author's detailed analysis will be useful for researchers working in the rapidly emerging field of vibration based energy harvesting, as well as for students investigating electromechanical devices, piezoelectric sensors and actuators, and vibration control engineering.

This book covers a range of devices that use piezoelectricity to convert mechanical deformation into electrical energy and relates their output capabilities to a range of potential applications. Starting with a description of the fundamental principles and properties of piezo- and ferroelectric materials, where applications of bulk materials are well established, the book shows how nanostructures of these materials are being developed for energy harvesting applications. The authors show how a nanostructured device can be produced, and put in context some of the approaches that are being investigated for the development of nanostructured piezoelectric energy harvesting devices, also known as nanogenerators. There is growing interest in strategies for energy harvesting that use a variety of existing and well-known materials in new morphologies or architectures. A key change of morphology to enable new functionality is the nanostructuring of a material. One area of particular interest is self-powered devices based on portable energy harvesting. The charging of personal electronic equipment and other small-scale electronic devices such as sensors is a highly demanding environment that requires innovative solutions. The output of these so-called nanogenerators is explained in terms of the requirements for self-powered applications. The authors summarise the range of production methods used for nanostructured devices, which require much lower energy inputs than those used for bulk systems, making them more environmentally friendly and also compatible with a wide range of substrate materials.

Environmental pollution has been one of the main challenges for sustainable development. Piezoelectric materials can be used as a means of transforming ambient vibrations into electrical energy to power devices. The focus is on an alternative approach to scavenge energy from the environment. This book presents harvesting methodologies to evaluate the potential effectiveness of different techniques and provides an overview of the methods and challenges of harvesting energy using piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric energy harvesters have many applications, including sensor nodes, wireless communication, microelectromechanical systems, handheld devices, and mobile devices. The book also presents a new approach within piezoelectric energy harvesting using the impact of raindrops. The energy-harvesting model presented is further analyzed for single-unit harvester and an array of multiple harvesters to maximize the efficiency of the device.