Political Reason And The Language Of Change

FORTHCOMING OPEN ACCESS TITLE This collection of essays re-examines ideas of change and movements for change in early modern Europe without presuming that "progressive" change was the outcome of "reforms". "Reform" today implies rational, incremental change to public institutions and procedures. "Improvement" has a more general application, emphasising the positive outcome to which "reform" is oriented. But the language of reform is today used of historical personalities and movements that did not themselves use the term, and who in many cases were not necessarily seeking the progressive change that we would understand today. The activities of "reform" were embedded in contemporary politics, and while "improvement" was part of a contemporary vocabulary, its real presence has been obscured by the range of natural languages in which it was expressed. Contributors to this volume seek to establish what was meant by contemporary usage. Bringing together scholars of Russia, Southern, Western, Central and Northern Europe, this collection sheds new light on both common and divergent features of a political process too often treated as a uniform movement towards modernity. This volume is a useful resource for students and scholars interested in Enlightenment studies, intellectual history, and conceptual history in early modern Europe.

George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times

Life in the 21th century has already been marked by a changing world in many aspects. The Internet has reached virtually the whole world, neoliberal marketing policies have become more aggressive than ever and alternative economies such as cryptocurrencies have emerged within the first quarter of this century. Adding to the equation the ever-increasing population of the world and the much increased connectedness of its residents, novel definitions of what have already been known have emerged, reflecting the changing life in our time. The changes to life as observed in our century has also made it explicit that the concepts we tend to define continually are far from being stable and static. Instead, the current status of the world we live in prove time and again that those changes are instable, dynamic, non-linear and coadaptive, signifying the difficulty of achieving predictability. In a world that is best defined as dynamic and unpredictable, management becomes a key term for the harmony in life that every person tends to strive for. Efficiency in managing harmony among people, cities, industries, politics, education, arts, organizations or countries stands out as the utmost necessity regardless of the context one might be in. Without the endeavor to manage efficiently, the harmony that we all look for would become even more difficult to achieve. Such a harmony through efficient management, perhaps naturally, necessitates the coadaptation of academic disciplines just as it does the same in other fields in life. For this reason, multidisciplinary academic studies are now more important than ever because the instable, non-linear and dynamic nature of life and its changes are highly unlikely to be explained by a single discipline in isolation. The efficient management of the planet earth undoubtedly requires the efficient coexistence of societies, industries, education, politics and countries. All those structures forming human life in the world should coexist and academic studies are no exception to ensure a proper, scientific understanding of the worldly phenomena. In that respect, this book aims to present multidisciplinary perspectives in respect of the management of the societies, politics, arts, industries, international relations and education. We hope that the chapters within, distinguished works of the mentioned disciplines, will inform the readers regarding the interplay among various branches of science and contribute to the knowledge base of the world regarding language, culture, arts and politics in an ever-changing world.

Making Sense of Political Ideology explores the erosion of ties among ideology, language, and political action. Analyzing political language strategies, it shows how to dissect language so we can better understand a speaker's ideology. The authors define four political positions—radical, liberal, conservative, reactionary—and apply their techniques to contemporary issues such as the war on terrorism. They emphasize the dangers of staying trapped in political gridlock with no consensus for governmental direction and propose that the ability to identify and bridge positions can help political communicators toward constructing coalitions and building support for political action.

Emery 6.

The world’s linguistic map has changed in recent years due to the vast disappearance of indigenous languages. Many factors affect the alteration of languages in various areas of the world including governmental policies, education, and colonization. As indigenous languages continue to be affected by modern influences, there is a need for research on the current state of native linguistics that remain across the globe. Indigenous Language Acquisition, Maintenance, and Loss and Current Language Policies is a collection of innovative research on the diverse policies, influences, and frameworks of indigenous languages in various regions of the world. It discusses the maintenance, attrition, or loss of the indigenous languages; language status in the society; language policies; and the grammatical characteristics of the indigenous language that people maintained and spoke. This book is ideally designed for anthropologists, language professionals, linguists, cultural researchers, geographers, educators, government officials, policymakers, academicians, and students.