Pollution Air Protocol To The 1979 Convention On Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution On The Reduction Of Sulphur Emissions Or Their Transboundary Fluxes By At Least 30 Per Cent

The UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, adopted in 1979, is the first international legally binding instrument to address problems of air pollution on a broad regional basis. Initially focused on problems of acidification and eutrophication, it now addresses a wider array of pollutants including ground-level ozone, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and, most recently, particulate matter. This Handbook contains the most recent versions of the Convention's eight protocols as these have been amended and/or adjusted to maintain their relevance to the work of the Convention and to accommodate new Parties.

A concise, clear, and legally rigorous introduction to international environmental law and practice covering the very latest developments.

The mountain of information coming out of the respective regimes on climate change, ozone depletion and air pollution is monumental

There is an increasing focus on the need for national implementation of treaties. International law has traditionally left enforcement to the individual parties, but more and more treaties contain arrangements to induce States to comply with their commitments. Experts in this 2007 book examine three forms of such mechanisms: dispute settlement procedures in the form of international courts, non-compliance procedures of an administrative character, and enforcement of obligation by coercive means. Three fields are examined, namely human rights, international environmental law, and arms control and disarmament. These areas are in the forefront of the development of international law and deal with multilateral, rather than purely bilateral issues. Each part of the book on human rights, international environmental law and arms control contain a general introduction and case studies of the relevant treaties in the field. Will appeal widely to both generalists and specialists in international law and relations.

As environmental challenges grow larger in scale and implications, it is increasingly important to apply the best scientific knowledge in the decisionmaking process. Editors Farrell and Jäger present environmental assessments as the bridge between the expert knowledge of scientists and engineers on the one hand and decisionmakers on the other. When done well, assessments have a positive impact on public policy, the strategic decisions of private firms, and, ultimately, the quality of life for many people. This book is the result of an international, interdisciplinary research project to analyze past environmental assessments and understand how their design influenced their effectiveness in bringing scientific evidence and insight into the decisionmaking process. The case studies in the book feature a wide range of regional and global risks, including ozone depletion, transboundary air pollution, and climate change. Assessments of Regional and Global Environmental Risks offers several important contributions. It provides a clear account of the choices faced in the design of environmental assessments and a clear description of the lessons learned from past assessments. It illustrates why assessments are social processes, not simply reports. And, while they identify no universal, one-size-fits-all design, the authors find that, to be effective, environmental assessments must be viewed by those who produce and use them as being salient; credible in their scientific support; and legitimate, or fair in design and execution.

The present collection of essays for Martti Koskenniemi provides a wide-ranging overview of the state of Nordic international legal scholarship. In addition to the more theoretical discussions, it engages with a variety of current debates (such as the war on terrorism, the criminalization of international law and the position of human rights in the European Union, for example). The collection, with a mixture of academics and practitioners, will prove useful to scholars in international law, international relations and related disciplines, as well as officials of states and international organizations.