Preferred Crystal Orientations In The Fast Ice Along The Margins Of The Arctic Ocean
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Preferred Crystal Orientations in the Fast Ice Along the Margins of the Arctic Ocean
Author | : W. F. Weeks |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Ice crystals |
ISBN | : MINN:319510028416282 |
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Preferred Crystal Orientations in the Fast Ice Along the Margins of the Arctic Ocean
Author | : W. F. Weeks,Anthony Jack Gow |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Ice crystals |
ISBN | : OCLC:227508405 |
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Field observations of the growth fabrics of the fast and near-fast ice along the coasts of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas show that, at depths of more than 60 cm below the upper ice surface, the sea ice crystals show striking alignments within the horizontal plane. At one site this alignment was well developed at a depth of 15 cm and in all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased with depth, with the strongest orientations occurring at the bottom of the ice sheet. In general the c-axes of the crystals were aligned roughly E-W parallel to the coast. In the vicinity of islands the alignment roughly paralleled the outlines of the islands and in narrow passes between islands the alignment paralleled the channel. Our observations, as well as similar observations made in the Kara Sea by Cherepanov, can be explained if it is assumed that the c-axes of the crystals are aligned parallel to the 'long-term' current direction at the sea ice/sea water interface. The alignments are believed to be the result of geometric selection among the growing crystals, with the most favored orientation being that in which the current flows normal to the (0001) plates of ice that make up the dendritic ice/water interface characteristics of sea ice. It is hypothesized that current flow in this direction reduces the thickness of the solute boundary layer as well as the salinity in the liquid at the interface. This lowered salinity allows crystals in the favored orientation to extend farther into the melt than neighboring crystals with less favored orientations. In addition the current tends to induce a continuous flux of supercooled seawater against the sides of the crystals that extend ahead of the interface.
Marginal Ice Zone Bibliography
Author | : Anonim |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 648 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : Glaciology |
ISBN | : UCSD:31822009558842 |
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Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf
Author | : Anonim |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 196 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : Continental shelf |
ISBN | : UCSD:31822010383883 |
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Comprehensive Bibliography
Author | : Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 632 |
Release | : 1984 |
Genre | : Continental shelf |
ISBN | : UCSD:31822000445130 |
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Comprehensive Bibliography
Author | : Anonim |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 764 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : Continental shelf |
ISBN | : UOM:39015030790375 |
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On Sea Ice
Author | : Willy Weeks |
Publsiher | : University of Alaska Press |
Total Pages | : 682 |
Release | : 2010-06-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781602231016 |
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Covering more than seven percent of the earth’s surface, sea ice is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere—and is a key component in our attempts to understand and combat climate change. With On Sea Ice, geophysicist W. F. Weeks delivers a natural history of sea ice, a fully comprehensive and up-to-date account of our knowledge of its creation, change, and function. The volume begins with the earliest recorded observations of sea ice, from 350 BC, but the majority of its information is drawn from the period after 1950, when detailed study of sea ice became widespread. Weeks delves into both micro-level characteristics—internal structure, component properties, and phase relations—and the macro-level nature of sea ice, such as salinity, growth, and decay. He also explains the mechanics of ice pack drift and the recently observed changes in ice extent and thickness. An unparalleled account of a natural phenomenon that will be of increasing importance as the earth’s temperature rises, On Sea Ice will unquestionably be the standard for years to come.