Principles Of Nanomagnetism

The second edition of this book on nanomagnetism presents the basics and latest studies of low-dimensional magnetic nano-objects. It highlights the intriguing properties of nanomagnetic objects, such as thin films, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanodisks and nanorings as well as novel phenomena like spin currents. It also describes how nanomagnetism was an important factor in the rapid evolution of high-density magnetic recording and is developing into a decisive element of spintronics. Further, it presents a number of biomedical applications. With exercises and solutions, it serves as a graduate textbook.

The ?eld of Nanomagnetism is a young branch of the study of magnetic phenomena, phenomena that have been a source of amazement and stimulus for speculation for more than 3,000 years [1]. Nanomagnetism, despite being a young area, has already affected every sphere of human activity, through its fundamental contribution to make the computer an ubiquitous instrument for communication, control of industrial processes, medical diagnosis, scienti?c investigation, or leisure. The studies of particulate and thin ?lm magnetic media and other related questions led to improvements that have mul- plied, in ?ve decades, the amount of data that can be encoded into a unitary area by some 50 million times. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics, awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg, is an important recognition of the extraordinary achievements of the research in Na- magnetism. The unfolding revolution brought about by Spintronics is intimately c- nected, and enhances the relevance of these developments. Nanomagnetism already encompasses a very wide range of remarkable pr- erties and phenomena, as illustrated in the case of thin ?lms, for example, by the volumes of the series on Ultrathin Magnetic Structures [2].

This book provides a core foundation for understanding magnetic quantum-size effects at the nanoscale. It discusses physical, chemical, and nanotemplating synthesis techniques for the production of magnetic nanoparticles and covers experimental techniques for determination of the macroscopic and microscopic magnetization of nanoparticles. Other topics include magnetic ordering with increasing cluster size and transition from molecular to solid state. The book also discusses the role of nanomagnetism in high-density magnetic recording media, nanostructured permanent magnets, and geophysical and planetary science.

Presenting in a coherent and accessible fashion current results in nanomagnetism, this book constitutes a comprehensive, rigorous and readable account, from first principles of the classical and quantum theories underlying the dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles subject to thermal fluctuations.Starting with the Larmor-like equation for a giant spin, both the stochastic (Langevin) equation of motion of the magnetization and the associated evolution (Fokker-Planck) equation for the distribution function of the magnetization orientations of ferromagnetic nanoparticles (classical spins) in a heat bath are developed along with their solution (using angular momentum theory) for arbitrary magnetocrystalline-Zeeman energy. Thus, observables such as the magnetization reversal time, relaxation functions, dynamic susceptibilities, etc. are calculated and compared with the predictions of classical escape rate theory including in the most general case spin-torque-transfer. Regarding quantum effects, which are based on the reduced spin density matrix evolution equation in Hilbert space as is described at length, they are comprehensively treated via the Wigner-Stratonovich formulation of the quantum mechanics of spins via their orientational quasi-probability distributions on a classically meaningful representation space. Here, as suggested by the relevant Weyl symbols, the latter is the configuration space of the polar angles. Hence, one is led, by mapping the reduced density matrix equation onto that space, to a master equation for the quasi-probability evolution akin to the Fokker-Planck equation which may be solved in a similar way. Thus, one may study in a classical-like manner the evolution of observables with spin number ranging from an elementary spin to molecular clusters to the classical limit, viz. a nanoparticle. The entire discussion hinges on the one-to-one correspondence between polarization operators in Hilbert space and the spherical harmonics allied to concepts of spin coherent states long familiar in quantum optics.Catering for the reader with only a passing knowledge of statistical and quantum mechanics, the book serves as an introductory text on a complicated subject where the literature is remarkably sparse.

Fundamentals and Industrial Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials highlights industrial applications of magnetic nanoparticles, reviews their rapidly emerging applications, and discusses future research directions. The book emphasizes the structure-property-functionality of magnetic nanoparticles for the most relevant industry applications. After reviewing the fundamentals, industry applications in the biomedical, pharma, environmental, cosmetics and energy industries are explored. Cross-cutting barriers to commercialization are then discussed, along with legal, health and safety implications. Finally, opportunities for enabling a more sustainable future are covered. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry in materials science and engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering. Reveals fundamental concepts of magnetic nanoparticles for modern industries and perspectives Establishes routes for the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles in commercial-scale manufacturing Discusses opportunities for magnetic nanoparticles to help enable sustainable applications

The Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials covers the description of materials which have dimension on the "nanoscale". The description of the nanomaterials in this Handbook follows the thorough but concise explanation of the synergy of structure, properties, processing and applications of the given material. The Handbook mainly describes materials in their solid phase; exceptions might be e.g. small sized liquid aerosols or gas bubbles in liquids. The materials are organized by their dimensionality. Zero dimensional structures collect clusters, nanoparticles and quantum dots, one dimensional are nanowires and nanotubes, while two dimensional are represented by thin films and surfaces. The chapters in these larger topics are written on a specific materials and dimensionality combination, e.g. ceramic nanowires. Chapters are authored by well-established and well-known scientists of the particular field. They have measurable part of publications and an important role in establishing new knowledge of the particular field.

PhD dissertation awarded with the International Mention in the PhD Programme Condensed Matter Physics, Nanoscience and Biophysics of the Autonomous University of Madrid in year 2019. Explore this PhD dissertation, awarded with an International Mention in the PhD Programm Condensed Matter Physics, Nanoscience, and Biophysics from the Autonomous University of Madrid in 2019. This edition has enhanced readability with refreshing redesign and unique botanic motifs from the international expedition led by Jose Mutis that aim to inspire scientists and science lovers. This thesis delves into micromagnetic and analytical modelling of magnetization processes in three-dimensional nanomagnetism, focusing on design for nanotechnological applications of cylindrical nanowires. The exploration covers topics like remanent states, hysteresis processes, and pinning properties of nanowires of magnetic alloys and several geometries. Results provide a foundation for applications such as 3D magnetic memories, sensors, permanent magnets, bio-magnetic innovations, and water purification. Overall, this book communicates excellence in Research with an appealing design that covey an innovative approach of research for all readers.

Magnetic Nano-and Microwires: Design, Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Second Edition, reviews the growth and processing of nanowires and nanowire heterostructures using such methods as sol-gel and electrodeposition, focused-electron/ion-beam-induced deposition, epitaxial growth by chemical vapor transport, and more. Other sections cover engineering nanoporous anodic alumina, discuss magnetic and transport properties, domains, domain walls in nano-and microwires. and provide updates on skyrmions, domain walls, magnetism and transport, and the latest techniques to characterize and analyze these effects. Final sections cover applications, both current and emerging, and new chapters on memory, sensor, thermoelectric and nanorobotics applications. This book will be an ideal resource for academics and industry professionals working in the disciplines of materials science, physics, chemistry, electrical and electronic engineering and nanoscience. Details the multiple key techniques for the growth, processing and characterization of nanowires and microwires Reviews the principles and difficulties involved in applying magnetic nano- and microwires to a wide range of applications, also including biomedical and sensing applications Discusses magnetism and transport in nanowires, skyrmions and domain walls in nanowires and the latest innovations in magnetic imaging