Quantum Computer Systems

This book targets computer scientists and engineers who are familiar with concepts in classical computer systems but are curious to learn the general architecture of quantum computing systems. It gives a concise presentation of this new paradigm of computing from a computer systems' point of view without assuming any background in quantum mechanics. As such, it is divided into two parts. The first part of the book provides a gentle overview on the fundamental principles of the quantum theory and their implications for computing. The second part is devoted to state-of-the-art research in designing practical quantum programs, building a scalable software systems stack, and controlling quantum hardware components. Most chapters end with a summary and an outlook for future directions. This book celebrates the remarkable progress that scientists across disciplines have made in the past decades and reveals what roles computer scientists and engineers can play to enable practical-scale quantum computing.

Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success.

Quantum Computation in Solid State Systems discusses experimental implementation of quantum computing for information processing devices; in particular observations of quantum behavior in several solid state systems are presented. The complementary theoretical contributions provide models of minimizing decoherence in the different systems. Most recent theoretical and experimental results on macroscopic quantum coherence of mesoscopic systems, as well as the realization of solid-state qubits and quantum gates are discussed. Particular attention is given to coherence effects in Josephson devices. Other solid state systems---including quantum dots, optical, ion, and spin devices---are also discussed.

This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2018 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2018 symposium was held September 5-7 and hosted by MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work.

Explore the intersection of computer science, physics, and electrical and computer engineering with this discussion of the engineering of quantum computers In Principles of Superconducting Quantum Computers, a pair of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive and insightful discussion of the building of quantum computing hardware and systems. Bridging the gaps between computer science, physics, and electrical and computer engineering, the book focuses on the engineering topics of devices, circuits, control, and error correction. Using data from actual quantum computers, the authors illustrate critical concepts from quantum computing. Questions and problems at the end of each chapter assist students with learning and retention, while the text offers descriptions of fundamentals concepts ranging from the physics of gates to quantum error correction techniques. The authors provide efficient implementations of classical computations, and the book comes complete with a solutions manual and demonstrations of many of the concepts discussed within. It also includes: A thorough introduction to qubits, gates, and circuits, including unitary transformations, single qubit gates, and controlled (two qubit) gates Comprehensive explorations of the physics of single qubit gates, including the requirements for a quantum computer, rotations, two-state systems, and Rabi oscillations Practical discussions of the physics of two qubit gates, including tunable qubits, SWAP gates, controlled-NOT gates, and fixed frequency qubits In-depth examinations of superconducting quantum computer systems, including the need for cryogenic temperatures, transmission lines, S parameters, and more Ideal for senior-level undergraduate and graduate students in electrical and computer engineering programs, Principles of Superconducting Quantum Computers also deserves a place in the libraries of practicing engineers seeking a better understanding of quantum computer systems.

Recent advancements in quantum-enabled systems present a variety of new opportunities and challenges. These technologies are important developments for a variety of computing, communications, and sensing applications. However, many materials and components relevant to quantum-enabled systems exist outside of the United States, and it is important to promote the development of assured domestic sources of materials, manufacturing capabilities, and expertise. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day workshop to explore implications and concerns related to the application of quantum-enabled systems in the United States. This workshop focused on quantum-enabled computing systems, quantum communications and networks, and quantum sensing opportunities. Participants explored the path to quantum computing, communications, and networks, opportunities for collaboration, as well as key gaps, supply chain concerns, and security issues. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - General, , course: Theory of Computation, language: English, abstract: Computers are evolving and growing for the last half a century. They are becoming smaller, faster and powerful but this growth has a limit. A new research has begun which will result in an entirely new kind of computer based on the Quantum physics rules. The quantum computer working on the Quantum physics rules will be able to break the security codes on which our modern computer infrastructure is running. The Quantum computers can solve many problems which are not solvable by the current computer systems. The large scale production of the quantum computers is near, which will result in many opportunities and every field of life will be affected.

Quantum computers are set to kick-start a second computing revolution in an exciting and intriguing way. Learning to program a Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) is not only fun and exciting, but it's a way to get your foot in the door. Like learning any kind of programming, the best way to proceed is by getting your hands dirty and diving into code. This practical book uses publicly available quantum computing engines, clever notation, and a programmer’s mindset to get you started. You'll be able to build up the intuition, skills, and tools needed to start writing quantum programs and solve problems that you care about.