Recent Advances In Novel Therapeutic Molecules And Targets For Inflammatory Diseases

In July 1994, the Canadian Inflammation Society in Toronto hosted a symposium entitled "Novel molecular approaches to anti-inflammatory therapy" as a satellite of the xnth International Congress of Pharmacology. For several reasons the above topic was singled out and separated from the general Congress. Major advances have recently been made in the understanding of inflammatory mechanisms. These advances serve as the basis for a new generation of therapeutic agents which may potentially alter our approach to inflammatory processes and infectious diseases. The Satellite Symposium focused on recent advances in diversified fields including arachidonate metabolites, actions of cytokines, chemokines, cellular adhesion molecules and novel molecular approaches in the therapy of inflammation. Scholarly addresses were presented by eminent experts in their respective fields. In this book are included 17 papers which describe in detail novel approaches to the study of inflammation. We hope that this book will serve not only as a summary of present knowledge, but will stimulate both scientists and clinicians to continue their efforts to battle inflammatory diseases. W. Pruzanski, Chair, Publications Committee P. Vadas, Chair, Organizing Committee 1 AAS46 Novel Molecular Approaches to Anti-Inflammatory Theory © 1995 Birkhauser Verlag Basel EOSINOPHIL CHEMOATIRACTANIS GENERATED IN VIYO T. I. Williams, D. A. Griffiths-Iohnson, P. I. lose and P. D. Collins. Department of Applied Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.

Advances and Avenues in the Development of Novel Carriers for Bioactives and Biological Agents provides sound data on the utility of biological and plant-based drugs and describes challenges faced in all aspects offering indispensable strategies to use in the development of bioactive medicines. Bioactive based medications are commonly used throughout the world and have been recognized by physicians and patients for their therapeutic efficacy. Bioactive formulations, including their subordinates and analogs, address 50% of all medicines in clinical practice. Novel bioactive medicine transporters can cure many disorders by both spatial and transitory approaches and have various justifications in medicinal potential. This book presents information on the utility of natural, plant, animal and bioengineered bioactive materials. It is a fundamental source of information and data for pharmacognosists, pharmaceutical analysts, drug transport scientists and pharmacologists working in bioactive medications. Advances information on various bioactive based medications, their sources, clinical consequences and transport strategies Illustrates diverse transport systems for bioactives and derivatives, novel techniques for formulations, targeting strategies and fundamental qualities of developed bioactive carriers, and their safety concerns and standardization Discusses distinctive transport systems, stability, upgraded dissolvability, and enhanced bioavailability of bioactives

Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders is the summary of a workshop convened by the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders to examine opportunities to accelerate early phases of drug development for nervous system drug discovery. Workshop participants discussed challenges in neuroscience research for enabling faster entry of potential treatments into first-in-human trials, explored how new and emerging tools and technologies may improve the efficiency of research, and considered mechanisms to facilitate a more effective and efficient development pipeline. There are several challenges to the current drug development pipeline for nervous system disorders. The fundamental etiology and pathophysiology of many nervous system disorders are unknown and the brain is inaccessible to study, making it difficult to develop accurate models. Patient heterogeneity is high, disease pathology can occur years to decades before becoming clinically apparent, and diagnostic and treatment biomarkers are lacking. In addition, the lack of validated targets, limitations related to the predictive validity of animal models - the extent to which the model predicts clinical efficacy - and regulatory barriers can also impede translation and drug development for nervous system disorders. Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders identifies avenues for moving directly from cellular models to human trials, minimizing the need for animal models to test efficacy, and discusses the potential benefits and risks of such an approach. This report is a timely discussion of opportunities to improve early drug development with a focus toward preclinical trials.

Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress investigates the role of oxidative stress in disease and explores the latest methods and approaches to targeting oxidative stress for treatment and diagnosis. The book begins with an introduction to oxidative stress and its significance. Subsequent sections cover biochemical methods for detecting free radicals and novel therapeutic approaches for targeting oxidative stress in a number of different diseases. This includes age-related illnesses, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Novel approaches for targeting oxidative stress in cancer and cardiovascular diseases are also explored. The book then moves on to discuss advances in drug delivery systems and detecting oxidative stress biomarkers using biosensors. It concludes with case studies that illustrate the targeting of oxidative stress and future perspectives. Explores oxidative stress in a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer Covers a range of therapeutic approaches to target oxidative stress Includes chapters on the application of novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic biosensors to oxidative stress Features case studies illustrating the targeting of oxidative stress

Translational Inflammation links laboratory and clinical data within primary and secondary care to clinical research data and offers a holistic and innovative approach to chronic inflammation and ageing. Understanding the role of inflammation as a part of clinical disease states is becoming a valuable tool in both direct treatment and the development of therapeutics. Translational Inflammation, the 4th volume in the Perspectives in Translational Cell Biology series, offers content for professors, students and researchers across basic and translational biology. Emphasizes the role of inflammation in disease and therapeutic approaches Integrates broad concepts relating inflammation to other fields Offers a bridge to review literature and primary research on the inflammatory response towards medical application

This unique book deals with both inflammation and cancer in a single source of publication. They are seldom grouped together although it has been known that both diseases are closely associated, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. As the book touches on two such major areas of diseases in humans, it should be of interest to a wider audience of researchers and readers. It is noted that the book combines the effort of both basic scientists and clinicians from different countries with extensive experiences in molecular biology and clinical practice to unveil the most updated picture of the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of inflammation and cancer in the digestive tract. In this regard, potential pathogenic modulators and also therapeutic options are widely discussed. These types of information would definitely broaden our knowledge in better understanding these diseases. Contents:General Introduction to Inflammation and Cancer in the Digestive Tract (Ming Xing Li and Chi Hin Cho)Inflammation and Therapeutics in the Digestive Tract:Brain–Gut Relationship on Mucosal Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Klara Gyires and Ágnes Fehér)Nesfatin-1: The Novel Appetite Peptide with Therapeutic Efficacy to Prevent Acute Hemorrhagic Gastric Lesions and Accelerate Gastric Ulcer Healing (Aleksandra Szlachcic, Jolanta Majka, and Tomasz Brzozowski)Chemoprophylaxis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Nikola Mitrev, Aladdin Alswaifi, and Rupert W Leong)Targeting the Nuclear Receptor HNF4α as a Potential Therapy for Gut Inflammation and Cancer (Jean-Philippe Babeu and François Boudreau)Established Therapies and New Therapeutic Strategies in Alcoholic Liver Disease (Helmut Karl Seitz and Sebastian Mueller)Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Targets in the Gastrointestinal Tract:Targets of Tumor Epigenetics and Its Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ssu-Yin Yen, Hong-Meng Chuang, Mao-Hsuan Huang, Sheng-Feng Tsai, Tzyy-Wen Chiou, Hong-Lin Su, Li-Ing Ho, Shinn-Zong Lin, and Horng-Jyh Harn)Esophageal Cancer: From Bench to Bedside (Gang Ma and Zhihua Liu)Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Gastric MALT Lymphoma: Relation of VEGF and VASH2 (Masahiko Nakamura, Anders Øverby, and Hidenori Matsui)NF-κB as a Potential Molecular Target for Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancers (Nathan Palmer, Muthu K Shanmugam, Gautam Sethi, and Philipp Kaldis)Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1κ Modulation in Colorectal Carcinogenesis (Francesco Mariani, Stefano Mancini, Paola Sena, and Luca Roncucci)Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Serrated Pathway of Colorectal Cancer Characterized by Mutation in the BRAF Gene and Overexpression of GTPase Rac1b (Paulo Matos, Vânia Gonçalves, and Peter Jordan)The "Yin" and "Yang" of Target-Oriented Anticancer Phytochemicals Derived from Herbal Medicines (Kathy K Auyeung and Joshua K S Ko)The Degradation System of Prostaglandin E2 in Gastrointestinal Cancer (Tetsuya Tanigawa, Toshio Watanabe, Shogo Takeda, Hiroshi Tatsuwaki, Masatsugu Shiba, Kazunari Tominaga, Yasuhiro Fujiwara, and Tetsuo Arakawa)Prostaglandin and Its Receptors: Potential Targets for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Cancer (Vivian Y Shin and Ava Kwong)Autophagy and microRNAs as the Therapeutic Targets in Gastrointestinal Cancers:Modulation of Autophagy as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Gastrointestinal Cancers: Promises and Uncertainties (Li Ma)microRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Gastric Cancer (Takatsugu Ishimoto and Hideo Baba)microRNA-based Novel Therapeutic Development in Gastrointestinal Cancer (Andrew Fesler and Jingfang Ju)Unraveling the Relationship between Autophagy and microRNA in Gastrointestinal Cancer (Yuanyuan Yin, Peiqi Wang, Yaxin Zheng, Yi Chen, and Jinhui Wang) Readership: Basic and clinical researchers in the fields of inflammation, hepatology, pathology, pharmacology, oncology and gastroenterology. Can be used as a reference for their research and clinical practice in academic and industrial sectors.

Immunology is the branch of biomedical sciences to study of the immune system physiology both in healthy and diseased states. Some aspects of autoimmunity draws our attention to the fact that it is not always associated with pathology. For instance, autoimmune reactions are highly useful in clearing off the excess, unwanted or aged tissues from the body. Also, generation of autoimmunity occurs after the exposure to the non-self antigen that is structurally similar to the self, aided by the stimulatory molecules like the cytokines. Thus, a narrow margin differentiates immunity from auto-immunity as already discussed. Hence, finding answers for how the physiologic immunity turns to pathologic autoimmunity always remains a question of intense interest. However, this margin could be cut down only if the physiology of the immune system is better understood. The individual chapters included in this book will cover all the possible aspects of immunology and pathologies associated with it. The authors have taken strenuous effort in elaborating the concepts that are lucid and will be of reader's interest.