Reductions In Organic Synthesis

Describes recent advances in reduction, including the use of boron- and aluminum-based hydride reagents, as well as catalytic hydrogenation methods. Reports applications of reduction procedures with emphasis on selectivity, ranging from chemoselective to enantioselective reductions. Offers chapters on different aspects of reduction and presents a complementary mix of academic and industrial research ranging from theory to practical applications. Includes an overview chapter with 200 references by Nobel laureate H.C. Brown that surveys the development of hydride reduction in organic chemistry over the past 60 years.

This volume contains 37 chapters on methods for reducing functional groups, organized into four main parts. (i) Reduction of C=X systems, where X is an electronegative heteroatom, divided into 14 chapters based on the degree of reduction, the oxidation level of the C=X substrate, and on the nature of the reagent. (ii) Reduction of X=Y systems, divided into three chapters, covering the reduction of such groups as nitro, azo, and the various kinds of P=O and S=O groups. (iii) Reduction of C=C and C≡C, divided into 12 chapters based on the method of reduction, with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and conjugated systems treated separately, and including an extensive discussion of hydrometallation. (iv) Reduction of single bonds, C-X to C-H, in eight chapters, including the hydrogenolysis of the various kinds of C-X bonds, the reduction of epoxides, and the reduction of vinyl derivatives to alkenes. Each chapter includes a discussion of chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity, wherever it is appropriate, and most include advice on the reagent of choice, and the mechanistic basis of the various methods of reduction. In short, it is, within the space available, as near to a comprehensive account of reduction in organic chemistry as one could hope for.

Based on Milos Hudlicky's meticulous notes and literature studies, this book is a compilation of the types of reductions undergone by the various classes of organic compounds. No survey of a topic as broad as reduction could ever be complete, but Hudlicky gives us a comprehensive cross section of the methods, reactants, and products. Reductions are discussed according to what bond or functional group is reduced by different reagents. Special attention is paid to selective reductions that are suitable for the reduction of one particular type of bond or function without affecting other bonds or functions present in the same molecule. Special emphasis is placed on enantioselective and diastereoselective reductions effected both by chiral reagents and by microorganisms. Reducing agents are correlated with both the starting compounds and the products of reduction. Discussions of methods, mechanisms, stereochemistry, and scopes of reducing agents are included. Selected laboratory procedures demonstrate the main reduction techniques. Correlation tables and thorough author and subject indexes make this book easy to use. This book is an essential reference for teachers and research scientists in organic chemistry and a help to graduate students.

This book discusses some of the reduction agents and processes involved in organic synthesis such as catalytic hydrogenation, homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, asymmetric catalytic hydrogenations, hydride transfer reagents, dissolving metal reductions, and non-metallic reducing agents. It further covers the topics of photochemical reductions, enzymatic or microbial reduction, reductions of specific type of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, hydrogenolysis, enzymatic or microbial reduction, and some reductions under benign condition. This book is of immense use to undergraduate and postgraduate students of organic chemistry. It is also a useful reference book for researchers involved in organic synthesis.

A complete guide to selection and use of the best reagents for a wide range of transformations This book is the updated and expanded Second Edition of Jacqueline Seyden-Penne's practical guide to selection of reducing reagents in organic synthesis. It is an indispensable working resource for organic synthetic chemists-the only reference focusing exclusively on aluminohydrides and borohydrides and their derivatives. Simple to use, it is organized according to specific reductions so that chemists can more easily match the best reagent to a given transformation. Throughout, Dr. Seyden-Penne emphasizes four crucial categories: compatibility, possibilities for partial reduction, the regio- and stereoselectivity of reductions that are altered or controlled by neighboring groups, and asymmetric reductions. Extremely well-referenced, Reductions by the Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis provides the most up-to-date, detailed coverage of: * Successful techniques for performing highly selective reductions * Chemo-, regio-, stereo-, and enantioselective reductions of both simple and complex compounds * Best methods for obtaining the main functional groups by hydridereduction, provided in quick-reference tabular form * New and more selective reagents developed within the last five years * Experimental conditions, including solvent and temperature, and yields for most cases described.

The manipulation of functional groups by oxidative or reductive processes is central to organic chemistry. Despite the importance of these reactions, no existing text has attempted to summarize them simply for students. Together with a later volume in the series, this book provides a clear and comprehensive summary of oxidative and reductive processes, emphasizing general principles and common factors, and showing the applications of these compounds in organic synthesis.