Religious Art In The Nineteenth Century In Europe And America

How has religion affected the creation and patronage of American art? This is the question explored in 'The Visual Arts and Christianity in America', the most comprehensive treatment of this subject to date. With its 184 illustrations, the volume is a visual and textual survey of both the religious paintings, statuary, and architecture produced in America since colonial times and the attitudes toward such art expressed by the artists, the clergy, and the religious press. By means of a multifaceted approach that includes investigation of biographical, journalistic, art historical, as well as religious literature, a broad range of art objects and buildings are carefully placed in their social and intellectual context. Part One presents the colonial backdrop, both English and Spanish, against which and out of which the ensuing developments in American art and religious life took shape. Part Two treats nineteenth-century views of art and architecture, focusing on the views held by the clergy and conveyed in religious journals as well as the religious views of the artists and architects themselves. In Part Three, devoted to art in private and public life, major issues emerge that will remain as such into the twentieth century: the relation between nature and history, the place of art in civil religion, and the presence or absence of explicit biblical themes. The fourth and entirely new portion of the book, devoted to the twentieth century, examines the continuities and discontinuities in style and content between nineteenth- and twentieth-century art in relation to spiritual and religious perceptions.

After a century of Rationalist scepticism and political upheaval, the nineteenth century awakened to a fierce battle between the forces of secularization and the crusaders of a Christian revival. From this battlefield arose an art movement that would become the torchbearer of a new religious art: Nazarenism. From its inception in the Lukasbund of 1809, this art was controversial. It nonetheless succeeded in becoming a lingua franca in religious circles throughout Europe, America, and the world at large. This is the first major study of the evolution, structure, and conceptual complexity of this archetypically nineteenth-century language of belief. The Nazarene quest for a modern religious idiom evolved around a return to pre-modern forms of biblical exegesis and the adaptation of traditional systems of iconography. Reflecting the era's historicist sensibility as much as the general revival of orthodoxy in the various Christian denominations, the Nazarenes responded with great acumen to pressing contemporary concerns. Consequently, the artists did not simply revive Christian iconography, but rather reconceptualized what it could do and say. This creativity and flexibility enabled them to intervene forcefully in key debates of post-revolutionary European society: the function of eroticism in a Christian life, the role of women and the social question, devotional practice and the nature of the Church, childhood education and bible study, and the burning issue of anti-Judaism and modern anti-Semitism. What makes Nazarene art essentially Romantic is the meditation on the conditions of art-making inscribed into their appropriation and reinvention of artistic tradition. Far from being a reactionary move, this self-reflexivity expresses the modernity of Nazarene art. This study explores Nazarenism in a series of detailed excavations of central works in the Nazarene corpus produced between 1808 and the 1860s. The result is a book about the possibility of religious meanin

First published in 1998. This collection of original essays identifies and analyzes 19th-century women's theological thought in all its diversity, demonstrating the ways that women revised, subverted, or rejected elements of masculine theology in creating theologies of their own. While women's religion has been widely studied, this is the only collection of essays that examines 19th-century women's theology as such A substantial introduction clarifies the relationships between religion and theology and discusses the barriers to women's participation in theological discourse as well as the ways women overcame or avoided these barriers. The essays analyze theological ideas in a variety of genres. The first group of essays discusses women's nonfiction prose, including women's devotional writings on the Apocalypse; devotional prose by Christina Rossetti and its similarities to the work of Hildegard von Bingen; periodical prose by Anna Jameson and Julia Wedgwood; and the letters of Harriet and Jemima Newman, sisters of John Henry Newman. Other essays examine the novel, presenting analysis of the theologies of novelists Emma Jane Worboise, Charlotte M. Yonge, and Mary Arnold Ward. Further essays discuss the theological ideas of two purity reformers, Josephine Butler and Ellice Hopkins, while the final essays move beyond Victorian Christianity to examine spiritualist and Buddhist theology by women This collection will be important to students and scholars interested in Victorian culture and ideas-literary critics, historians, and theologians-and particularly to those in women's studies and religious studies.

The religious turmoil of the sixteenth century constituted a turning point in the history of Western Christian art. The essays presented in this volume investigate the ways in which both Protestant and Catholic reform stimulated the production of religious images, drawing on examples from across Europe and beyond. Eight essays by leading scholars in the field Brings art historians and historians into productive dialogue Broad chronology, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century Broad geographical coverage Richly illustrated

Examines the ways in which religion was constructed as a category and region of experience in nineteenth-century literature and culture.

Part One presents the colonial backdrop, both English and Spanish, against which and out of which the ensuing developments in American art and religious life took shape. Part Two treats nineteenth-century views of art and architecture, focusing on the views held by the clergy and conveyed in religious journals as well as the religious views of the artists and architects themselves. In Part Three, devoted to art in private and public life, major issues emerge that will remain as such into the twentieth century: the relation between nature and history, the place of art in civil religion, and the presence or absence of explicit biblical themes. The fourth and entirely new portion of the book, devoted to the twentieth century, examines the continuities and discontinuities in style and content between nineteenth- and twentieth-century art in relation to spiritual and religious perceptions.