Residual Stresses In Composites

Residual stresses are a common phenomenon in composite materials. They can either add to or significantly reduce material strength. Because of the increasing demand for high-strength, light-weight materials such as composites and their wide range of applications in the aerospace and automotive industries, in civil infrastructure and in sporting applications, it is critical that the residual stresses of composite materials are understood and measured correctly. The first part of this important book reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses. Various mathematical (analytical and numerical) methods for calculation of residual stresses in composite materials are also presented. Chapters in the first section of the book discuss the simulated hole drilling method, the slitting/crack compliance method, measuring residual stresses in homogeneous and composite glass materials using photoelastic techniques, and modeling residual stresses in composite materials. The second part of the book discusses residual stresses in polymer matrix, metal-matrix and a range of other types of composites. Moreover, the addition of nanoparticles to the matrix of polymeric composites as a new technique for reduction of residual stresses is discussed. Residual stresses in composite materials provides a comprehensive overview of this important topic, and is an invaluable reference text for both academics and professionals working in the mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, marine and sporting industries. Reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses Discusses residual stresses in polymer matrix, metal-matrix and other types of composite Considers the addition of nanoparticles to the matrix of polymeric composites as a new technique for reduction of residual stresses

The residual stress is a common phenomenon in composite materials. They can either add to or significantly reduce material strength. Because of the increasing demand for high-strength, lightweight materials such as composites and their wide range of applications; it is critical that the residual stresses of composite materials are understood and measured correctly. The first edition of this book consists of thirteen chapters divided into two parts. The first part reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses. There are also additional chapters on using mathematical (analytical and numerical) methods for the calculation of residual stresses in composite materials. These include the simulated hole drilling method, the slitting/crack compliance method, measuring residual stresses in homogeneous and composite glass materials using photoelastic techniques, and modeling residual stresses in composite materials. The second part of the book discusses measuring residual stresses in different types of composites including polymer and metal matrix composites. The addition of nanoparticles to the matrix of polymeric composites as a new technique for the reduction of residual stresses is also discussed. In the Second Edition of this book, each of the original chapters of the first edition has been fully updated, taking into account the latest research and new developments. There are also five new chapters on the theoretical and experimental studies of residual stresses in the composite integrated circuits; residual stresses in additive manufacturing of polymers and polymer matrix composites; residual stresses in metal matrix composites fabricated by additive manufacturing; the eigenstrain based method for the incremental hole-drilling technique; and the estimation of residual stresses in polymer matrix composites using the digital image correlation technique. Residual Stresses in Composite Materials, Second Edition, provides a unique and comprehensive overview of this important topic and is an invaluable reference text for both academics and professionals working in the mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, marine, and sporting industries. Presents the latest developments on theoretical and experimental studies of residual stresses in composites Reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses Discusses residual stresses in the polymer matrix, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix composites Considers the addition of nanoparticles to the matrix as a new technique for reduction of residual stresses in polymeric composites Introduces the latest advancements of research on the residual stresses in additive-manufactured polymer and metal matrix composites

This volume contains the proceedings of a conference on the residual stresses in composites. It offers three interrelated objectives: present developments in the measurement of residuals composites; present analytical predictions of residual stresses and their impact on composite properties; and documents the role of the residual stresses during thermo-mechanical excursions of the composites.

The residual stress is a common phenomenon in composite materials. They can either add to or significantly reduce material strength. Because of the increasing demand for high-strength, lightweight materials such as composites and their wide range of applications; it is critical that the residual stresses of composite materials are understood and measured correctly. The first edition of this book consists of thirteen chapters divided into two parts. The first part reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses. There are also additional chapters on using mathematical (analytical and numerical) methods for the calculation of residual stresses in composite materials. These include the simulated hole drilling method, the slitting/crack compliance method, measuring residual stresses in homogeneous and composite glass materials using photoelastic techniques, and modeling residual stresses in composite materials. The second part of the book discusses measuring residual stresses in different types of composites including polymer and metal matrix composites. The addition of nanoparticles to the matrix of polymeric composites as a new technique for the reduction of residual stresses is also discussed. In the Second Edition of this book, each of the original chapters of the first edition has been fully updated, taking into account the latest research and new developments. There are also five new chapters on the theoretical and experimental studies of residual stresses in the composite integrated circuits; residual stresses in additive manufacturing of polymers and polymer matrix composites; residual stresses in metal matrix composites fabricated by additive manufacturing; the eigenstrain based method for the incremental hole-drilling technique; and the estimation of residual stresses in polymer matrix composites using the digital image correlation technique. Residual Stresses in Composite Materials, Second Edition, provides a unique and comprehensive overview of this important topic and is an invaluable reference text for both academics and professionals working in the mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, marine, and sporting industries. Presents the latest developments on theoretical and experimental studies of residual stresses in composites Reviews destructive and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring residual stresses Discusses residual stresses in the polymer matrix, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix composites Considers the addition of nanoparticles to the matrix as a new technique for reduction of residual stresses in polymeric composites Introduces the latest advancements of research on the residual stresses in additive-manufactured polymer and metal matrix composites

Updated and improved, Stress Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials, Hyer's work remains the definitive introduction to the use of mechanics to understand stresses in composites caused by deformations, loading, and temperature changes. In contrast to a materials science approach, Hyer emphasizes the micromechanics of stress and deformation for composite material analysis. The book provides invaluable analytic tools for students and engineers seeking to understand composite properties and failure limits. A key feature is a series of analytic problems continuing throughout the text, starting from relatively simple problems, which are built up step-by-step with accompanying calculations. The problem series uses the same material properties, so the impact of the elastic and thermal expansion properties for a single-layer of FR material on the stress, strains, elastic properties, thermal expansion and failure stress of cross-ply and angle-ply symmetric and unsymmetric laminates can be evaluated. The book shows how thermally induced stresses and strains due to curing, add to or subtract from those due to applied loads.Another important element, and one unique to this book, is an emphasis on the difference between specifying the applied loads, i.e., force and moment results, often the case in practice, versus specifying strains and curvatures and determining the subsequent stresses and force and moment results. This represents a fundamental distinction in solid mechanics.

The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics. Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.

The accurate, absolute, and non-destructive measurement of residual stress fields within metallic, ceramic, and composite engineering components has been one of the major problems facing engineers for many years, and so the extension of X-ray methods to the use of neutrons represents a major advance. The technique utilizes the unique penetrating power of the neutron into most engineering materials, combined with the sensitivity of diffraction, to measure the separation of lattice planes within grains of polycrystalline engineering materials, thus providing an internal strain gauge. The strain is then converted to stress using calibrated elastic constants. It was just over ten years ago that the initial neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress were carried out, and during the ensuing decade measurements have commenced at most steady state reactors and pulsed sources around the world. So swift has been the development of the field that, in addition to fundamental scientific studies, commercial measurements have been made on industrial components for several years now. The use of neutrons is ideally suited to the determination of triaxial macrostress tensors, macrostress gradients, and microstresses in composites and multiphase alloys as well as deformed, plastically anisotropic metals and alloys. To date, it has been used to investigate welded and heat-treated industrial components, to characterize composites, to study the response of material under applied loads, to calibrate more portable methods such as ultrasonics, and to verify computer modelling calculations of residual and applied stress.