Restructured Electrical Power Systems

An examination of key issues in electric utilities restructuring. It covers: electric utility markets in and out of the USA; the Open Access Same-time Information System; tagging transactions; trading energy; hedging tools for managing risks in various markets; pricing volatility, risk and forecasting; regional transmission organization; and more. The text contains acronyms, a contract specifications sample, examples, and nearly 500 bibliographic citations, tables, and drawings.

The latest practical applications of electricity market equilibrium models in analyzing electricity markets Electricity market deregulation is driving the power energy production from a monopolistic structure into a competitive market environment. The development of electricity markets has necessitated the need to analyze market behavior and power. Restructured Electric Power Systems reviews the latest developments in electricity market equilibrium models and discusses the application of such models in the practical analysis and assessment of electricity markets. Drawing upon the extensive involvement in the research and industrial development of the leading experts in the subject area, the book starts by explaining the current developments of electrical power systems towards smart grids and then relates the operation and control technologies to the aspects in electricity markets. It explores: The problems of electricity market behavior and market power Mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) and equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) Tools and techniques for solving the electricity market equilibrium problems Various electricity market equilibrium models State-of-the-art techniques for computing the electricity market equilibrium problems The application of electricity market equilibrium models in assessing the economic benefits of transmission expansions for market environments, forward and spot markets, short-term power system security, and analysis of reactive power impact Also featured are computational resources to allow readers to develop algorithms on their own, as well as future research directions in modeling and computational techniques in electricity market analysis. Restructured Electric Power Systems is an invaluable reference for electrical engineers and power system economists from power utilities and for professors, postgraduate students, and undergraduate students in electrical power engineering, as well as those responsible for the design, engineering, research, and development of competitive electricity markets and electricity market policy.

Deregulation is a fairly new paradigm in the electric power industry. And just as in the case of other industries where it has been introduced, the goal of deregulation is to enhance competition and bring consumers new choices and economic benefits. The process has, obviously, necessitated reformulation of established models of power system operation and control activities. Similarly, issues such as system reliability, control, security and power quality in this new environment have come in for scrutiny and debate. In this book, we attempt to present a comprehensive overview of the deregulation process that has developed till now, focussing on the operation aspects. As of now, restructured electricity markets have been established in various degrees and forms in many countries. This book comes at a time when the deregulation process is poised to undergo further rapid advancements. It is envisaged that the reader will benefit by way of an enhanced understanding of power system operations in the conventional vertically integrated environment vis-a-vis the deregulated environment. The book is aimed at a wide range of audience- electric utility personnel involved in scheduling, dispatch, grid operations and related activities, personnel involved in energy trading businesses and electricity markets, institutions involved in energy sector financing. Power engineers, energy economists, researchers in utilities and universities should find the treatment of mathematical models as well as emphasis on recent research work helpful.

Applied Mathematics for Restructured Electric Power Systems: Optimization, Control, and Computational Intelligence consists of chapters based on work presented at a National Science Foundation workshop organized in November 2003. The theme of the workshop was the use of applied mathematics to solve challenging power system problems. The areas included control, optimization, and computational intelligence. In addition to the introductory chapter, this book includes 12 chapters written by renowned experts in their respected fields. Each chapter follows a three-part format: (1) a description of an important power system problem or problems, (2) the current practice and/or particular research approaches, and (3) future research directions. Collectively, the technical areas discussed are voltage and oscillatory stability, power system security margins, hierarchical and decentralized control, stability monitoring, embedded optimization, neural network control with adaptive critic architecture, control tuning using genetic algorithms, and load forecasting and component prediction. This volume is intended for power systems researchers and professionals charged with solving electric and power system problems.

The overall goal of this book is to introduce algorithms for improving the economic posture of a utility company in a restructured power system by promoting cost-effective maintenance schedules. Today, cutting operations and maintenance (O&M) costs and preserving service reliability) are among the top priorities for managers ofutility companies. Preventive maintenance is perhaps the single largest controllable cost ofa utility2 operation. It is perceived that a careful planning and a good coordination among self-interested entities in a restructured power system are essential to achieving an optimal trade-off between the cost ofmaintenance and the service reliability. Traditional maintenance programs in verticall/ integrated utilities relied heavily on time-directed maintenance and manufacturer recommendations. This book offers a logical alternative to traditional electric utility maintenance practices and a basis for maintenance decisions. The book is organized as follows. Chapter I reviews various issues related to the power system operation and presents the role of restructuring in maintenance scheduling. In Chapter II, fundamental topics related to linear and nonlinear systems are reviewed. The duality in linear programming is discussed and integer programming is reviewed. Benders decomposition, Lagrangian relaxation, and Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition are presented. Several examples are given to demonstrate the applications ofdifferent methods. The formulation ofreactive power optimization is discussed which will be used again in Chapter VII.

This textbook introduces electrical engineering students to the most relevant concepts and techniques in three major areas today in power system engineering, namely analysis, security and deregulation. The book carefully integrates theory and practical applications. It emphasizes power flow analysis, details analysis problems in systems with fault conditions, and discusses transient stability problems as well. In addition, students can acquire software development skills in MATLAB and in the usage of state-of-the-art software tools such as Power World Simulator (PWS) and Siemens PSS/E. In any energy management/operations control centre, the knowledge of contingency analysis, state estimation and optimal power flow is of utmost importance. Part 2 of the book provides comprehensive coverage of these topics. The key issues in electricity deregulation and restructuring of power systems such as Transmission Pricing, Available Transfer Capability (ATC), and pricing methods in the context of Indian scenario are discussed in detail in Part 3 of the book. The book is interspersed with problems for a sound understanding of various aspects of power systems. The questions at the end of each chapter are provided to reinforce the knowledge of students as well as prepare them from the examination point of view. The book will be useful to both the undergraduate students of electrical engineering and postgraduate students of power engineering and power management in several courses such as Power System Analysis, Electricity Deregulation, Power System Security, Restructured Power Systems, as well as laboratory courses in Power System Simulation.

Die Umstrukturierung und Liberalisierung der Stromerzeugung brachte tiefgreifende Veränderungen des Marktes, des Wettbewerbs, der Technologien und nicht zuletzt der gesetzlichen Vorschriften mit sich. Dieser Band konzentriert sich auf die technischen Fortschritte und bespricht derzeit aktuelle Probleme anhand anschaulicher Fallstudien. So werden zum Beispiel neue Verfahren zur Vorhersage der Netzlast erläutert. Von international renommierten Experten geschrieben! (07/00)

Restructuring Electric Power System gives readers a thorough understanding of the technology involved in this very recent advance field. Electricity is a commodity with several features that distinguish it from other goods and services. It cannot be stored and its instant transmission requires a network of wires. A pre-requisite for ensuring orderly transportation of electricity under new regulatory environment is the creation of an independent entity that would channelize and control its flow in an optimum manner and without any discrimination, just as a traffic policeman or air traffic controller does in respect of traffic flowing to and from several directions. This causes several issues which are dealt by this book systematically. This book shall be useful as text/reference to field engineers, undergraduate, postgraduate students and the research scholars working in this field. MATLAB M-files and SIMULINK have been included in some of the numerical examples to assist the analysis. Thus, the book includes topics power flow analysis, Power trading, restructured market, market forces and transmission issues, ATC, congestion management, AGC and ancillary services.