Risk Management For Central Banks And Other Public Investors

A survey of the fundamental issues and techniques surrounding risk management.

"The main aim of the current as well as previous Public Investor Conferences has been to create a forum where academics and private and public sector investment professionals can meet to discuss and ponder the issues of specific relevance to public sector investors. Investment rationales, preferences, eligible investments, governance structures and accountabilities as well as aspects relating to the availability of human and technical resources distinguish public investors. These idiosyncrasies have profound effects on how portfolio and risk management activities are organized and performed in public sector institutions. Faced with high growth rates in foreign reserves and other pools of publicly managed funds, public investors are beginning again to discuss broader diversification of assets. Judging from the contributions to and discussions at the conference, central banks are concentrating their search for diversification opportunities on investment alternatives among sovereign obligations, including inflation-linked instruments and investments denominated in currencies other than those represented in the SDR basket. At the same time, public investors are becoming more aware of possible tension between what is optimal at the level of an individual investor and what might be required from the perspective of stability of financial markets. In terms of methodologies and techniques, similar to other institutional investors, public investors have accelerated efforts to develop and implement approaches for the management of market and credit risk that take on board lessons from the financial crisis."- -Introduction.

This book contains original readings on Reserves Management for central banks and sovereign wealth funds. It aims to outline best practice in respect of strategic asset allocation, facilitating knowledge-sharing across organizations and encouraging collaboration and dialogue between reserves and asset management specialists in the organizations.

This paper argues that nonfinancial risk management is an essential element of good governance of central banks. It provides a funnelled analysis, on the basis of selected literature, by (i) presenting an outline of central bank governance in general; (ii) zooming in on internal governance and organization issues of central banks; (iii) highlighting the main issues with nonfinancial risk management; and (iv) ending with recommendations for future work. It shows how attention for nonfinancial risk management has been growing, and how this has amplified the call for better governance of central banks. It stresses that in the area of nonfinancial risk management there are no crucial differences between commercial and central banks: both have people, processes, procedures, and structures. It highlights policy areas to be explored.

Effective risk management at central banks is best enabled by a sound framework embedded throughout the organization that supports the design and execution of risk management activities. To evaluate the risk management practices at a central bank, the Safeguards Assessments Division of the IMF’s Finance Department developed a tool that facilitates stocktaking of elements that are present and categorizes the function based on its maturity. Tailored recommendations are then provided to the central bank which provide a roadmap to advance the risk management function.