Roll To Roll Vacuum Deposition Of Barrier Coatings

A practical, working guide to producing high quality barrier coatings Roll-to-Roll Vacuum Deposition of Barrier Coatings is a practical guide, providing the reader with basic information to help them understand what is necessary in order to produce a good barrier coated web or to improve the quality of an existing barrier product. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, the terminology and science is introduced, and includes descriptions about barrier testing methods and the vacuum deposition process. The book looks at the whole process from the source materials through to the post deposition handling of the coated material. This holistic view of the vacuum coating process provides a description of the common sources of defects and includes the possible methods of limiting these defects. This enables readers to decide where their development efforts and money can best be used to improve the barrier performance of their own process or materials. Roll-to-Roll Vacuum Deposition of Barrier Coatings: Specifies the benefits and problems of producing vacuum deposited barrier coatings Explains why products designed by system operators might vary and how they can improve the quality and reproducibility of their products Describes the basic deposition process, limitations that may arise, and how they may be overcome Details why current barrier materials have limited performance and why it is so difficult and expensive to make improvements or to produce ultra barrier materials. This practical reference is invaluable to all readers using the roll-to-roll vacuum coating technology, including R&D scientists and engineers (process; product and process design), operators, technicians, line managers involved in producing vacuum deposited barrier coatings. It also serves the food packaging and medical packaging industries, along with any industry using Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs) such as electronics, solar energy and photovoltaics (PVs), thin film battery as well as vacuum insulation panels.

Vacuum Deposition onto Webs: Films and Foils, Third Edition, provides the latest information on vacuum deposition, the technology that applies an even coating to a flexible material that can be held on a roll, thereby offering a much faster and cheaper method of bulk coating than deposition onto single pieces or non-flexible surfaces such as glass. This technology has been used in industrial-scale applications for some time, including a wide range of metalized packaging. Its potential as a high-speed, scalable process has seen an increasing range of new products emerging that employ this cost-effective technology, including solar energy products that are moving from rigid panels onto cheaper and more versatile flexible substrates, flexible electronic circuit ‘boards’, and flexible displays. In this third edition, all chapters are thoroughly revised with a significant amount of new information added, including newly developed barrier measurement techniques, improved in-vacuum monitoring technologies, and the latest developments in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Provides the know-how to maximize productivity of vacuum coating systems Thoroughly revised with a significant amount of new information added, including newly developed barrier measurement techniques, improved in-vacuum monitoring technologies, and the latest on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Presents the latest information on vacuum deposition, the technology that applies an even coating to a flexible material that can be held on a roll, thereby offering a much faster and cheaper method of bulk coating Enables engineers to specify systems more effectively and enhances dialogue between non-specialists and suppliers/engineers Empowers those in rapidly expanding fields such as solar energy, display panels, and flexible electronics to unlock the potential of vacuum coating to transform their processes and products

A single-volume resource featuring state-of-the art reviews of key elements of the roll-to-roll manufacturing processing methodology Roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing is an important manufacturing technology platform used extensively for mass-producing a host of film-type products in several traditional industries such as printing, silver-halide photography, and paper. Over the last two decades, some of the methodologies and know-how of R2R manufacturing have been extended and adapted in many new technology areas, including microelectronics, display, photovoltaics, and microfluidics. This comprehensive book presents the state-of-the-art unit operations of the R2R manufacturing technology, providing a practical resource for scientists, engineers, and practitioners not familiar with the fundamentals of R2R technology. Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: Process Elements and Recent Advances reviews new developments in areas such as flexible glass, display, and photovoltaics and covers a number of process innovations implemented recently to extend and improve the capabilities of traditional R2R lines. It covers such topics as: coating and solidification processes, in-line vacuum deposition, drying, web handling and winding, polymer film substrates, novel hybrid composite films, flexible solar cells and more. Additionally, this book: Examines key elements (unit operations) of the R2R technology, and discusses how these elements are utilized and integrated to achieve desired process efficiencies in a host of applications. Illustrates several established and novel application areas where R2R processing is utilized in current or future products. Discusses process design methodology and key advantages of R2R manufacturing technology over batch or sheet-to-sheet operations. Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: Process Elements and Recent Advances is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students in various science and engineering disciplines, as well as for scientists, engineers, and technical and business leaders associated in any way with the development, commercialization, and manufacture of a variety of film products.

The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology, Second Edition, is a revised and expanded version of the first edition, which was published in 2003. The book reviews the histories of the various vacuum coating technologies and expands on the history of the enabling technologies of vacuum technology, plasma technology, power supplies, and low-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The melding of these technologies has resulted in new processes and products that have greatly expanded the application of vacuum coatings for use in our everyday lives. The book is unique in that it makes extensive reference to the patent literature (mostly US) and how it relates to the history of vacuum coating. The book includes a Historical Timeline of Vacuum Coating Technology and a Historical Timeline of Vacuum/Plasma Technology, as well as a Glossary of Terms used in the vacuum coating and surface engineering industries. History and detailed descriptions of Vacuum Deposition Technologies Review of Enabling Technologies and their importance to current applications Extensively referenced text Patents are referenced as part of the history Historical Timelines for Vacuum Coating Technology and Vacuum/Plasma Technology Glossary of Terms for vacuum coating

Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are a new generation of solar cells with the potential to offer very short energy pay back times, mechanical flexibility and significantly lower production costs compared to traditional crystalline photovoltaic systems. A weakness of OPV is their comparative instability during operation and this is a critical area of research towards the successful development and commercialization of these 3rd generation solar cells. Covering both small molecule and polymer solar cells, Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells summarizes the state of the art understanding of stability and provides a detailed analysis of the mechanisms by which degradation occurs. Following an introductory chapter which compares different photovoltaic technologies, the book focuses on OPV degradation, discussing the origin and characterization of the instability and describing measures for extending the duration of operation. Topics covered include: *Chemical and physical probes for studying degradation *Imaging techniques *Photochemical stability of OPV materials *Degradation mechanisms *Testing methods *Barrier technology and applications Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells is an essential reference source for researchers in academia and industry, engineers and manufacturers working on OPV design, development and implementation.

Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices provides a single source of information covering all aspects of OLEDs, including the systematic investigation of organic light-emitting materials, device physics and engineering, and manufacturing and performance measurement techniques. This Second Edition is a compilation of the advances made in recent years and of the challenges facing the future development of OLED technology. Featuring chapters authored by internationally recognized academic and industrial experts, this authoritative text: Introduces the history, fundamental physics, and potential applications of OLEDs Reviews the synthesis, properties, and device performance of electroluminescent materials used in OLEDs Reflects the current state of molecular design, exemplifying more than 600 light-emitting polymers and highlighting the most efficient materials and devices Explores small molecules-based OLEDs, detailing hole- and electron-injection and electron-transport materials, electron- and hole-blocking materials, sensitizers, and fluorescent and phosphorescent light-emitting materials Describes solution-processable phosphorescent polymer LEDs, energy transfer processes, polarized OLEDs, anode materials, and vapor deposition manufacturing techniques employed in OLED fabrication Discusses flexible display, the backplane circuit technology for organic light-emitting displays, and the latest microstructural characterization and performance measurement techniques Contains abundant diagrams, device configurations, and molecular structures clearly illutrating the presented ideas Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices, Second Edition offers a comprehensive overview of the OLED field and can serve as a primary reference for those needing additional information in any particular subarea of organic electroluminescence. This book should attract the attention of materials scientists, synthetic chemists, solid-state physicists, and electronic device engineers, as well as industrial managers and patent lawyers engaged in OLED-related business areas.

Vacuum Deposition onto Webs: Films and Foils, Third Edition, provides the latest information on vacuum deposition, the technology that applies an even coating to a flexible material that can be held on a roll, thereby offering a much faster and cheaper method of bulk coating than deposition onto single pieces or non-flexible surfaces such as glass. This technology has been used in industrial-scale applications for some time, including a wide range of metalized packaging. Its potential as a high-speed, scalable process has seen an increasing range of new products emerging that employ this cost-effective technology, including solar energy products that are moving from rigid panels onto cheaper and more versatile flexible substrates, flexible electronic circuit 'boards', and flexible displays. In this third edition, all chapters are thoroughly revised with a significant amount of new information added, including newly developed barrier measurement techniques, improved in-vacuum monitoring technologies, and the latest developments in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

This Book's focus and intent is to impart an understanding of the practical application of atmospheric plasma for the advancement of a wide range of current and emerging technologies. The primary key feature of this book is the introduction of over thirteen years of practical experimental evidence of successful surface modifications by atmospheric plasma methods. It offers a handbook-based approach for leveraging and optimizing atmospheric plasma technologies which are currently in commercial use. It also offers a complete treatment of both basic plasma physics and industrial plasma processing with the intention of becoming a primary reference for students and professionals. The reader will learn the mechanisms which control and operate atmospheric plasma technologies and how these technologies can be leveraged to develop in-line continuous processing of a wide variety of substrates. Readers will gain an understanding of specific surface modification effects by atmospheric plasmas, and how to best characterize those modifications to optimize surface cleaning and functionalization for adhesion promotion. The book also features a series of chapters written to address practical surface modification effects of atmospheric plasmas within specific application markets, and a commercially-focused assessment of those effects.