Rural Migration In Tunisia

The RuMiT (Rural Migration in Tunisia) research addresses the determinants of migration and mobility, the patterns and types of rural youth outmigration and the impact of rural youth migration on rural livelihoods and societies in origin regions in Tunisia. The research used a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods, providing comparative insights into: international and internal migrants and non-migrants; pre- and post-2011 migrants; households with and without migrants. Main results show that migrants from rural areas are increasingly highly educated and leaving to pursue their studies abroad. This particularly applies to women, who also register a decrease in marriage-related migration. Migration proves to be rewarding for both internal and international migrants, in terms of occupational and social security outcomes. In particular, migrant women have higher labour market participation and employment rates than non-migrants. As a direct consequence of an emigration which is still male dominated, households with migrants are increasingly feminized, i.e. with a higher share of women, who are more likely to be active compared with women in nonmigrant households. Migrant households were also found to have higher access to social security. While incomes from remittances tend not to be invested in productive activities, evidence shows that one internal migrant out of four and one international migrant out of three has an economic activity in the areas of origin, which in most of the cases is connected with agricultural or animal production. The Rural Migration in Tunisia (RuMiT) research project was undertaken in the framework of the FAO project “Youth mobility, food security and rural poverty reduction: Fostering rural diversification through enhanced youth employment and better mobility” (GCP/INT/240/ITA) – in brief, the Rural Youth Migration (RYM) project – implemented in Tunisia and Ethiopia between 2015 and 2017, and funded by the Italian Development Cooperation.

After two decades of spectacular growth, the Tunisian economy is in crisis. The authors identify the reasons for this, and look closely at the transformation of the economy, assessing its implications, particularly for the labour market and the distribution of income and welfare.

After two decades of spectacular growth, the Tunisian economy is in crisis. The authors identify the reasons for this, and look closely at the transformation of the economy, assessing its implications, particularly for the labour market and the distribution of income and welfare.

The Near East and North Africa (NENA) has always been affected and in many ways shaped by the high levels of human mobility. However, rural migration - or migration to, from and between rural areas - is often overlooked, despite its important ramifications for food security, agriculture, rural development and regional disparities. In the next decade, persistent poverty, climatic threats and increasing competition for natural resources may fuel greater levels of migration across NENA countries. This report was designed to provide policy makers, practitioners and development partners with an overview of the main challenges and opportunities of rural migration in the NENA region.

Monograph of social research essays on social change in Tunisia - covers agricultural development, agricultural economics, agricultural planning, institutional framework of change, the social role of women, woman worker employment, rural migration and community development, urban planning, population and health, family planning, education and social mobility, etc. Bibliographys, flow charts, graphs, maps and statistical tables.

My first introduction to the lower Medjerda Valley was in 1976 byWerner Kiene, then director of economic development programs in NorthAfrica for the Ford Foundation, and by professors Ali Ben Zaid Salmi andMonee£ Ben Said, codirectors of the Department of Rural Social Sciences atthe National Agronomy Institute of Tunisia (INA TI. The region ofMedjerdaturned out to be an ideal fieldsite, and I am grateful to the team at INAT forintroducing me to the region. My fieldwork in the late 1970s was supportedby two sources: A Fulbright Hays Research Fellowship and an InternationalDoctoral Research Fellowship provided jointly by the Social Science ResearchCouncil (SSRC) and the American Council for Learned Societies. Subsequenttravel grants from the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the Universityof California, Berkeley, and California State University Faculty ResearchGrants also were instrumental to this study. Without the financial supportof these organizations, this research could riot have been conducted.

This paper is part of a series of three country-case studies to investigate the potential role of agro-processing for economic development based on the strong backward and forward linkages agro-processing firms have with the agricultural sector. Previous analyses for Egypt and Jordan (Figueroa, Mahmoud, and Breisinger 2017; El-Enbaby et al. 2016) have shown how developing the agro-processing sub-sector as well as encouraging the production of high-value crops can promote economic and social well-being, especially in rural areas where the majority of the poor are concentrated. In continuation with this line of research, this paper aims at analyzing: • What role agriculture has played for the Tunisian economy in recent years; • What is the role of agricultural productivity and structural change in fostering agricultural growth in Tunisia; and • What is the potential of agro-processing for economic development and rural transformation in the country.

Plate tectonics - Earthquakes and volcanoes - Weathering and slopes - Glaciation - Coasts - Deserts - Weather and climate - Soils - Biogepgraphy - Population - Urbanisation - Farming and food supply - Rural land use - Energy resources - Manufacturing industries - Transport and interdependence - World development.