Safer Roads

An international review of road safety engineering. This study illustrates the practices/procedures used in the identification of hazardous sites and the development of road/traffic countermeasures. It identifies the sources of accident problems and factors of human behaviour.

In response to a provision of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Federal Highway Administration, requested the National Academy of Sciences to study the safety cost-effectiveness of geometric design standards and recommend minimum standards for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation (RRR) projects on existing federal-aid highways, except freeways. RRR projects can extend the service life of existing highways through pavement and other repairs and at the same time improve highway safety by making selective improvements to highway geometry and other roadside features. Striking a balance between preservation and safety improvements on RRR projects has proved controversial, however. The controversy has centered on which minimum geometric design standards should be applied to RRR projects to qualify for federal aid. This report presents the findings of a study committee which conducted case studies of current RRR design practices, reviewed current knowledge about relationships between geometric design and safety, and analyzed the cost and safety trade-offs of geometric improvements to existing highways. The report concludes with the study committee recommendations concerning a variety of practices that will increase the safety cost-effectiveness of RRR projects.

This report takes stock of recent developments and initiatives to meet increasingly ambitious road safety targets, and constitutes a major international review of progress in developing Safe System approaches, now adopted in a small number of countries.

A workbook for sex offenders incorporating the latest developments in relapse prevention training. It features the four-path R-P model and invites offenders, in an easy-to-read style, to examine their own approach to offending, addressing the high risk factors that trigger and maintain that approach. This book looks beyond the cognitive and behavioral linchpins of offending to the powerful emotional needs that energize deviant sex. The authors believe that only by learning to meet these needs in healthy ways can offenders attain the positive reinforcements that lead to maintaining important lifestyle changes. Newly-added sections address the role of polygraphy in sex offender treatment and the role of the Internet in sexual compulsivity.