Scanning Probe Microscopies

This book explains the operating principles of atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The aim of this book is to enable the reader to operate a scanning probe microscope successfully and understand the data obtained with the microscope. The chapters on the scanning probe techniques are complemented by the chapters on fundamentals and important technical aspects. This textbook is primarily aimed at graduate students from physics, materials science, chemistry, nanoscience and engineering, as well as researchers new to the field.

Scanning Probe Microscopes: Applications in Science and Technology explains, analyzes, and demonstrates the most widely used microscope in the family of microscopes -- the scanning probe microscope. Beginning with an introduction to the development of SPMs, the author introduces the basics of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes (STMs an

Scanning tunneling microscopy has achieved remarkable progress and become the key technology for surface science. This book predicts the future development for all of scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Such forecasts may help to determine the course ultimately taken and may accelerate research and development on nanotechnology and nanoscience, as well as all in SPM-related fields in the future.

The investigation and manipulation of matter on the atomic scale have been revolutionised by scanning tunnelling microscopy and related scanning probe techniques. This book is the first to provide a clear and comprehensive introduction to this subject. Beginning with the theoretical background of scanning tunnelling microscopy, the design and instrumentation of practical STM and associated systems are described in detail, as are the applications of these techniques in fields such as condensed matter physics, chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology. Containing 350 illustrations, and over 1200 references, this unique book represents an ideal introduction to the subject for final-year undergraduates in physics or materials science. It will also be invaluable to graduate students and researchers in any branch of science where scanning probe techniques are used.

This volume will be devoted to the technical aspects of electrical and electromechanical SPM probes and SPM imaging on the limits of resolution, thus providing technical introduction into the field. This volume will also address the fundamental physical phenomena underpinning the imaging mechanism of SPMs.

The Nobel Prize of 1986 on Sc- ningTunnelingMicroscopysignaled a new era in imaging. The sc- ning probes emerged as a new - strument for imaging with a p- cision suf?cient to delineate single atoms. At ?rst there were two – the Scanning Tunneling Microscope, or STM, and the Atomic Force Mic- scope, or AFM. The STM relies on electrons tunneling between tip and sample whereas the AFM depends on the force acting on the tip when it was placed near the sample. These were quickly followed by the M- netic Force Microscope, MFM, and the Electrostatic Force Microscope, EFM. The MFM will image a single magnetic bit with features as small as 10nm. With the EFM one can monitor the charge of a single electron. Prof. Paul Hansma at Santa Barbara opened the door even wider when he was able to image biological objects in aqueous environments. At this point the sluice gates were opened and a multitude of different instruments appeared. There are signi?cant differences between the Scanning Probe Microscopes or SPM, and others such as the Scanning Electron Microscope or SEM. The probe microscopes do not require preparation of the sample and they operate in ambient atmosphere, whereas, the SEM must operate in a vacuum environment and the sample must be cross-sectioned to expose the proper surface. However, the SEM can record 3D image and movies, features that are not available with the scanning probes.

Written by three leading experts in the field, this textbook describes and explains all aspects of the scanning probe microscopy. Emphasis is placed on the experimental design and procedures required to optimize the performance of the various methods. Scanning Probe Microscopy covers not only the physical principles behind scanning probe microscopy but also questions of instrumental designs, basic features of the different imaging modes, and recurring artifacts. The intention is to provide a general textbook for all types of classes that address scanning probe microscopy. Third year undergraduates and beyond should be able to use it for self-study or as textbook to accompany a course on probe microscopy. Furthermore, it will be valuable as reference book in any scanning probe microscopy laboratory. Novel applications and the latest important results are also presented, and the book closes with a look at the future prospects of scanning probe microscopy, also discussing related techniques in nanoscience. Ideally suited as an introduction for graduate students, the book will also serve as a valuable reference for practising researchers developing and using scanning probe techniques.

Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies Edited by R J Colton, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA A Engel, Biocenter, Basel University, Switzerland J Frommer, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA H E Gaub, Technical University, Munich, Germany A A Gewirth, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA R Guckenberger, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany W Heckl, Ludwig Maximillians University, Munich, Germany B Parkinson, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA J Rabe, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Scanning Probe Microscopies (SPM) are revolutionising scientific discovery in diverse disciplines including organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, polymer and materials science, biological and medical systems, electrochemistry and nanotechnology. In this collection of protocols, Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies will enable you to: * Build confidence in using SPM * Maximise the potential of your SPM instrumentation * Extend your skill levels The only applications-orientated guide, Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies covers scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical methods.