Scribes Scrolls And Scripture

In affirming the divine inspiration of Scripture, we too often forget the human side of the story. The narratives, letters and Apocalypse of our New Testament were shaped by worn pens gripped by calloused, ink-stained fingers. Their authors' ears were more likely assaulted by the urban clatter of busy intersections and bustling markets than attuned to a still small voice. Scrolls that bumped across cobbled Roman roads and pitched through rolling Mediterranean seas found their destination in stuffy, dimly lit, crowded Christian house churches in Corinth or Cenchreae. There they were read aloud and reread, handled and copied, forwarded and collected, studied and treasured. Their ordinary story is true to their extraordinary message: the mystery of the Word that became flesh. The Making of the New Testament is a textbook study of the origin, collection, copying and canonizing of the New Testament documents. Like shrewd detectives reading the subtle traces of evidence, biblical scholars have studied the trail of clues and pieced together the story of these books.

The essays in this highly readable volume are dedicated to John Strugnell, the eminent theologian. Contents: New Qumran Readings for Genesis One, by James R. Davila; Early Emendations of the Scribes: The Tiqqun Sopherim in Zechariah 2:12, by Russell Fuller; Recensional Differences between the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint of Proverbs, by Emanual Tov; Observations on "Wisdom Narratives" in Early Biblical Literature, by Lawrence M. Wills; The Beth Essentiae and the Permissive Meaning of the Hiphil (Aphel), by J.H. Charlesworth; The Meaning of "the End" in the Book of Daniel, by John J. Collins; Jason's Gymnasion, by Robert Doran; Some Observations on Blessings of God in Texts from Qumran, by Eileen Schuller; 4Q185 and Jewish Wisdom Literature, by Thomas H. Tobin, S.J.; Two Notes on the Aramaic Levi Document, by Jonas C. Greenfield and Michael E. Stone; Daniel and the Historical Jesus, by Adela Yarbro Collins; Curse and Competition in the Ancient Circus, b G. Gager; The Original Language of the Acts of Thomas, by Harold W. Attridge; Two Enochic Manuscripts: Unstudied Evidence for Egyptian Christianity, by George W.E. Nickelsburg; Julian's Attempt to Rebuild the Temple: An Inventory of Ancient and Medieval Sources, by David Levenson. Co-published with the College Theology Society.

For many years it has been recognized that the key to explaining the production of the Bible lies in understanding the profession, the practice and the mentality of scribes in the ancient Near East, classical Greece and the Greco-Roman world. In many ways, however, the production of the Jewish literary canon, while reflecting wider practice, constitutes an exception because of its religious function as the written "word of God", leading in turn to the veneration of scrolls as sacred and even cultic objects in themselves. "Writing the Bible" brings together the wide-ranging study of all major aspects of ancient writing and writers. The essays cover the dissemination of texts, book and canon formation, and the social and political effects of writing and of textual knowledge. Central issues discussed include the status of the scribe, the nature of 'authorship', the relationship between copying and redacting, and the relative status of oral and written knowledge. The writers examined include Ilimilku of Ugarit, the scribes of ancient Greece, Ben Sira, Galen, Origen and the author of Pseudo-Clement.

Of Scribes and Sages focuses primarily on early interpretation of Scripture, including the emergence of Scripture as Scripture in its various versions and contexts. It examines recent research into the relationship of the Old Testament to the New and how sacred Scripture was interpreted during New Testament times. It also provides stimulating examples to students, scholars, and clergy in how the task of interpretation is to be done.

He thought Christianity was a sham. Then it changed his life. Skeptic Josh McDowell thought Christians were out of their minds. He ridiculed and insulted them, then decided to combat them with his own thorough research to disprove the claims of Jesus Christ. To his surprise, he discovered that the evidence suggested exactly the opposite—that Jesus, instead of being simply a first-century Hebrew carpenter, truly was the God he claimed to be. Josh went on to write the inspirational work on Christian apologetics, More Than a Carpenter, which has sold over 15 million copies. In this revised and updated edition, with over 15 million copies in print since its original publication, More Than a Carpenter has changed countless lives. Now, in this revised and updated edition, Josh is joined by his son, Sean, as they tackle the questions that today’s generation continues to ask: “Can I be spiritual without believing in God?” “How can I make sure that my life counts for something?” “Is it really possible to know anything for sure about God or Jesus?” This edition is an accessible read for seekers and a great evangelism tool.

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls altered our understanding of the development of the biblical text, the history and literature of Second Temple Judaism, and the thought of the early Christian community. Questions continue to surround the relationship between the caves in which the scrolls were found and the nearby settlement at Khirbet Qumran. In Scribes and Scrolls at Qumran, Sidnie White Crawford combines the conclusions of the first generation of scrolls scholars that have withstood the test of time, new insights that have emerged since the complete publication of the scrolls corpus, and the much more complete archaeological picture that we now have of Khirbet Qumran. She creates a new synthesis of text and archaeology that yields a convincing history of and purpose for the Qumran settlement and its associated caves.

This handbook describes the scribal features of the Dead Sea Scrolls written in Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic. The findings have major implications for the study of the scrolls and the understanding of their relationship to scribal traditions in Israel and elsewhere.