Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications. Includes an overview of key applications, with new chapters on indoor monitoring and medical applications Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including an expanded section on gas sensor theory Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing, with new chapters on single-layer graphene sensors, graphene oxide sensors, printed sensors, and much more

Semiconductor gas sensors have a wide range of applications in safety, process control, environmental monitoring, indoor or cabin air quality and medical diagnosis. This important book summarises recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. The first part of the book reviews the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms for n- and p-type oxide semiconductors, introduces the theory for nanosize materials and describes the role of electrode–semiconductor interfaces. The second part of the book describes recent developments in silicon carbide- and graphene-based gas sensors, wide bandgap semiconductor gas sensors and micromachined and direct thermoelectric gas sensors. Part 3 discusses the use of nanomaterials for gas sensing, including metal oxide nanostructures, quantum dots, single-alled carbon nanotubes and porous silicon. The final part of the book surveys key applications in environmental monitoring, detecting chemical warfare agents and monitoring gases such as carbon dioxide. Semiconductor gas sensors is a valuable reference work for all those involved in gas monitoring, including those in the building industry, environmental engineers, defence and security specialists and researchers in this field. Provides an overview of resistor and non-resistor sensors Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including graphene based sensors and direct thermoelectric sensors Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing

Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications.

Sales of U.S. chemical sensors represent the largest segment of the multi-billion-dollar global sensor market, which includes instruments for chemical detection in gases and liquids, biosensors, and medical sensors. Although silicon-based devices have dominated the field, they are limited by their general inability to operate in harsh environments

This book examines the potential application of semiconductor materials for gas sensor production on the basis of their fundamental, theoretical, and experimental studies. Some of these materials or their composites were applied for semiconductor gas sensor production for the first time. Special attention is paid to the model materials A2B6, which are used in the form of films with biographic surface as well as with the surface doped by donor (In, Cd, Sn, Pt, Pd etc.) and acceptor (Se and others) particles. Results of application of metal-oxide materials as adsorptionally sensitive elements are also represented in this book. These elements were produced and tested in the form of simple oxides (as SnO2, In2O3, for example) as well as in the form of composite oxide metal complexes (SnWO4, ZnO:In2O3 etc.). The book examines in detail the influence of doping on different materials and their adsorption sensitivity, persistence, selectivity, dynamic and kinetic characteristics, and other parameters. Results of thorough studies of degradation of semiconductor sensor material characteristics, when in working gas atmospheres, are represented in a special section of the book. Adsorptionally sensitive parameters of amorphous silicon, micro-, macro- and nanoporous silicon are examined and results of Si structure testing as gas sensors are also discussed in this book.

The second edition of this book focuses on the synthesis, design, and application of semiconducting metal oxides as gas sensing materials, including the gas sensing mechanism, and modification methods for sensing materials, while also providing a comprehensive introduction to semiconductor gas sensing devices. As an essential part of IoT (Internet of things), gas sensors have shown great significance and promising prospects. Therefore, studies on functional mesoporous metal oxides, one of the most important gas sensing materials based on their unique Knudsen diffusion behavior and tailored pore structure, have increasingly attracted attention from various disciplines. The book offers a valuable reference guide to metal oxide gas sensing materials for undergraduate and graduate students alike. It will also benefit all researchers who are involved in synthesis and gas sensing of metal oxides nanomaterials with relevant frontier theories and concepts. Engineers working on research and development of semiconductor gas sensors will also find some new ideas for sensor design.

The two volumes of Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials provide a detailed and comprehensive account of materials for gas sensors, including the properties and relative advantages of various materials. Since these sensors can be applied for the automation of myriad industrial processes, as well as for everyday monitoring of such activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and in many other situations, this handbook is of great value. Gas sensor designers will find a treasure trove of material in these two books.

There were two reasons that induced me to plan and to organize this book, the first was the lack of a text entirely devoted to the subject of gas sensors, notwithstanding some books devoted to the various kind of chemical sensors have recently been published. The second reason was the need of introducing the basic topics of gas detection mechanisms to a growing number of researchers active in research and development laboratories of industries and uni versities. The field of chemical sensors is indeed in fast and consistent growth, as it is proved by the increased number of participants to the congresses that were recently held on this subject, namely the Third Meeting on Chemical Sensors (September 24 - 26, 1990, Cleveland), Transducers' 91 (June 24 - 27, 1991, S. Francisco) and EUROSENSORS V (September 30 - October 3, 1991, Rome). Therefore, this book is mainly intended as a reference text for researchers with a MS degree in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering; it reports the last progresses in the R. & D. and in the technology of gas sensors. I choose to deal specifically with the topic of gas sensors because these devices show a very large number of applications in the domestic and industrial field and they are characterized by a great effort of research and development.