Stark Decency

An evocative history of a World War II German POW camp in New Hampshire, where friendships among prisoners, guards, and villagers overcame the bitter divisions of war

As the systematic murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators was taking place, Jewish soldiers in the United States Army participated in guarding, healing, and reeducating of some of the four hundred thousand German prisoners of war (PW) held in camps scattered across the United States. History has paid little attention to the participation of Jewish GIs at these camps and the role they played in preparing PWs to return and participate in a postwar democratic Germany. Very little is known about the experiences of these Jewish soldiers that prepared them to go face-to-face with German PWs, some of which were hardened Nazi party members. In addition, little is known about how the tour of duty in these camps affected the GIs’ postwar lives. It was fifty years after the German PWs returned home that I found an unexpected gift my late parents left me that became a portal to discover stories of individual Jewish men whose deeds should inspire future generations on confronting anti-Semitism and racism. These men did not feel sorry for themselves being assigned to PW camps, did not request transfers, and embraced the change and focused on the things they could control. They viewed their roles not as custodians or babysitters of prisoners but as role models of Jewish men who were fit, trim, educated, held rank, and wanted to do more than just “ride out the war” in the zone of the interior. Their stories are about affecting positive change in the PWs’ thinking and behaviors. Their mission of tikkun olam—“repair of the world¬”—is the subject of this book. How, where, and when they started and completed this mission is unique to each Jewish GI despite them having common basic training in Jewish upbringing and values. It is hoped that this book will inspire other Jewish soldiers who served at PW camps or their family members knowledgeable about their service to step forward and share their experiences. This could lead to a future updated edition of this book.

Share the day with a moose. Or with falcons, or deer, or a loon calling out at dusk. In New Hampshire these moments still wait for you. Visit the state that nurtured Robert Frost and find your own road less traveled by. Come in summer when the lupines display their pink and lavender blooms and hawks soar above. Visit in autumn for the glorious scarlet and gold foliage.Be a winter explorer on snowshoes or skis, then warm up inside a historic homestead in front of the fireplace. Do it all with the help of this detailed and delightful guide. Lodging and dining, fall foliage tours, crafts festivals, museums, hiking, sailing, biking, ballooning – this guide tells you how to do it all.

From Portsmouth's historic Black Heritage Trail to a roadside museum called the Foolish Frog in the North Country, discover New Hampshire's little-known but fascinating attractions with this engagingly written guide.

"They were Uncle Sam's smiling workers and they looked like all-American boys. There were at least 10,000 of them, deployed in 25 Florida camps between 1942 and 1946. They were also members of the Wehrmacht, Hitler's armed forces."--Forum "Most Americans were unaware their government was housing Hitler's soldiers on its shores. . . . Billinger weaves interviews with former prisoners, American soldiers who worked in the camps, newspaper accounts, and government documents into a stunning historical narrative."--Kansas City Star "A tropical paradise that for some became a tropical hell."--Sarasota Herald-Tribune "First came crewmen of destroyed U-boats, then thousands of Afrika Korps veterans who swamped the system in 1943. Pro-Nazi, arrogant, and tough, they defied U.S. authorities, terrorized anti-Nazi inmates, and rioted."--Choice "Filled with colorful personal accounts, this historical book packs the punch of fiction."--St. Petersburg Times "Billinger's first-rate history of this little-known chapter in American history teaches us that, in spite of wartime propaganda, our enemies are human, too."--Atlantic City Press "Hard to put down."--Daytona Beach News-Journal In the first book-length treatment of the German prisoner of war experience in Florida during World War II, Robert D. Billinger, Jr., tells the story of the 10,000 men who were "guests" of Uncle Sam in a tropical paradise that for some became a tropical hell. Having been captured while serving on U-boats off the Carolinas, with the Afrika Korps in Tunisia, with the paratroops in Italy, or with labor battalions in France, the POWs were among the 378,000 Germans held as prisoners in 45 states. Except for the servicemen who guarded them, the civilian pulp-cutters, citrus growers, and sugarcane foremen who worked them, and the FBI and local police who tracked the escapees among them, most people were--and still are--unaware of the German POWs who inhabited the 27 camps that dotted the Sunshine State. Billinger describes the experiences of the Germans and their captors as both sides came to the realization that, while the Germans’ worst enemies were often their own comrades-in-arms, wartime enemies might also become life-long friends. Concentrating especially on the story of Camp Blanding in North Florida, Billinger based his research on both American and German archives. His account mixes rare photos with interviews with former prisoners; reports by the International Red Cross, the YMCA, and the U.S. military; and local newspaper articles. This book will be of great value to scholars and historians, as well as all readers with an interest in World War II. Those with an interest in Florida history will also find much to admire in this engaging account of a barely known wartime episode. A volume in The Florida History and Culture Series, edited by Raymond Arsenault and Gary R. Mormino.

Like Snow Falling on Cedars, a stirring tale of wartime love April, 1944. The quiet rural village of Stark, New Hampshire is irrevocably changed by the arrival of 150 German prisoners of war. And one family, unexpectedly divided, must choose between love and country. Camp Stark is under the command of Major John Brennan, whose beautiful daughter, Collie, will serve as translator. Educated at Smith and devoted to her widowed father, Collie is immediately drawn to Private August Wahrlich, a peaceful poet jaded by war. As international conflict looms on the home front, their passion blinds them to the inevitable dangers ahead. Inspired by the little-known existence of a real World War II POW camp, The Major’s Daughter is a fresh take on the timeless theme of forbidden love.

Examining the largest prisoner-of-war handling operation in U.S. history, this book offers a meticulous account of the myriad history, this book offers a meticulous account of the myriad problems—as well as the impressive successes—that came with problems—as well as the impressive successes—that came with housing 371,000 German POWs on American soil during World War II. Antonio Thompson draws on extensive archival research to probe the various ways in which the U.S. government strove to comply with the Geneva Convention’s mandate that enemy prisoners be moved from the war zone and given food, shelter, and clothing equal to that provided for American soldiers. While the prisoners became a ready source of manpower for the labor- starved American home front and received small wages in return, their stay in the United States generated more than a few difficulties, which included not only daunting logistics but also violence within the camps. Such violence was often blamed on Nazi influence and control; however, as Thompson points out, only a few of the prisoners were actually Nazis. Because the Germans had cobbled together military forces that included convicts, their own POWs, volunteers from neutral nations, and conscripts from occupied countries, the bonds that held these soldiers together amid the pressures of combat dissolved once they were placed behind barbed wire. When these “men in German uniform,” who were not always Germans, donned POW garb, their former social, racial, religious, and ethnic tensions quickly reemerged. To counter such troubles, American authorities organized various activities—including sports, arts, education, and religion—within the POW camps; some prisoners even participated in an illegal denazification program created by the U.S. government. Despite the problems, Thompson argues, the POW-housing program proved largely successful, as Americans maintained their reputation for fairness and humane treatment during a time of widespread turmoil.

This work explores the experiences of Hans Werner Richter and Alfred Andersch, authors who served in the German army during World War II, were captured by U.S. forces, and enlisted into a secret program to promote American democracy to their fellow POWs while imprisoned in the United States. Upon repatriation, they brought their experiences with the POW publication Der Ruf back to Germany, where they founded a periodical of the same name. Having grown disillusioned with the American occupation, the authors’ stark criticisms of U.S. policies led to their dismissal from the second Der Ruf after only fifteen issues. This study attempts to understand their journey from acceptance and endorsement of American democratic ideals to disappointment and opposition to U.S. occupation policies. This transition played a crucial role in the foundation of the most influential West German literary circle: Group 47, organized a few months after the authors’ dismissal.