Statistical Analysis Of Shortwave Fadeout Occurrence For The Years 1955 To 1969

Shortwave fadeout data for the period 1955 through 1969 were analyzed and correlated with solar flare data for the same period. Details of the analysis are presented along with various statistical presentations of the data. The validity of computerized objective procedures for matching geophysical data is shown. Some doubt is cast on the quality of the shortwave fadeout data during the early part of the period considered. (Author).

Shortwave fadeout durations are compared with associated solar flare characteristics and other features of the solar regions in which the flares occur. Statistical tests show that flare parameters, especially flare importance, have the highest correlations with shortwave fadeout duration. Most other active region features, such as plage area, also show some correlation, but to varying lesser degrees. Cross tabulations of the shortwave fadeout durations and optical features are presented and discussed relative to their use as operational space forecasting aids. (Author).

This book describes how to predict and forecast the state of planet Earth’s ionosphere under quiet and disturbed conditions in terms of dynamical processes in the weakly ionized plasma media of the upper atmosphere and their relation to available modern measurements and modelling techniques. It explains the close relationship between the state of the media and the radio wave propagation conditions via this media. The prediction and forecasting algorithms, methods and models are oriented towards providing a practical approach to ionospherically dependent systems design and engineering. Proper understanding of the ionosphere is of fundamental practical importance because it is an essential part of telecommunication and navigation systems that use the ionosphere to function or would function much better in its nonappearance on the Earth and on any planet with an atmosphere.

The definitive history of America’s greatest incubator of innovation and the birthplace of some of the 20th century’s most influential technologies “Filled with colorful characters and inspiring lessons . . . The Idea Factory explores one of the most critical issues of our time: What causes innovation?” —Walter Isaacson, The New York Times Book Review “Compelling . . . Gertner's book offers fascinating evidence for those seeking to understand how a society should best invest its research resources.” —The Wall Street Journal From its beginnings in the 1920s until its demise in the 1980s, Bell Labs-officially, the research and development wing of AT&T-was the biggest, and arguably the best, laboratory for new ideas in the world. From the transistor to the laser, from digital communications to cellular telephony, it's hard to find an aspect of modern life that hasn't been touched by Bell Labs. In The Idea Factory, Jon Gertner traces the origins of some of the twentieth century's most important inventions and delivers a riveting and heretofore untold chapter of American history. At its heart this is a story about the life and work of a small group of brilliant and eccentric men-Mervin Kelly, Bill Shockley, Claude Shannon, John Pierce, and Bill Baker-who spent their careers at Bell Labs. Today, when the drive to invent has become a mantra, Bell Labs offers us a way to enrich our understanding of the challenges and solutions to technological innovation. Here, after all, was where the foundational ideas on the management of innovation were born.