Structure And Thermoplasticity Of Coal

This book is broadly divided into two sections. A number of main themes are discussed in the first section, 'Chemical Structure and Thermoplastic Properties of Coal', covering such topics as the relationships between the chemical structures of coals and thermoplastic phenomena under heating, studies of higher-ordered agglutination structure of coals, kinetic analyses of thermal decomposition reactions, oxidation and dilatation/contraction of coal particles, and formation mechanisms of coke structure. In the second section, 'Simulation of Coal Pyrolysis and Coke Formation', mathematical formulation models are presented to show thermoplastic phenomena of coals, strengths of produced coke, and phenomena observed when heating coal particles in packed beds.

Founded on the work of the renowned Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center, the authors document and integrate current knowledge of the organic and inorganic structure of coal and its reaction processes. With the urgent need for cleaner, more efficient use of this worldwide fuel, their work will set a clear course for future research.

Combustion or burning is an exothermic reaction between a substance and a gas to release heat. Combustion normally occurs in oxygen (often in the form of gaseous O2 ) to form oxides, However, combustion can also take place in other gases like chlorine. The products of such reactions usually include water (H2 O) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2 ), or both. Other by-products, such as partially reacted fuel and elemental carbon (C), may generate visible smoke and soot. This book presents leading research from around the world in this frontal field.

Discusses the formation, composition, properties and processing of the principal fossil and biofuels, ideal for graduate students and professionals.

This volume contains papers presented at the 30th International Geological Congress on coal. It includes information on the applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to paralicand terrestrial coal-bearing strata and petrology and depositional environment of Early Jurassic coal.

Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal explains how to determine the concentrations and modes of occurrence of elements in coal, how to diminish adverse effects of toxic elements on the environment and human health, which elements in coal could be industrially utilized, and which elements can be successfully used as indications for deciphering depositional environments and tectonic evolution. As coal use will remain at an all-time high for the next several decades, there is a critical need for understanding the properties of this fuel to ensure efficient use, encourage its economic by-product potential, and to help minimize its negative technological, environmental and health impacts. Features dozens of never-before published illustrations of critical features of the inorganic geochemistry of coal Covers both the theory and applications of the topic, including case studies to serve as real-world examples Includes a chapter on the health and environmental impacts of the mining, development and use of coal

Fifteen leading scientists active in research on the chemistry, microbiology, enzymology, and genetics of coal biotransformation summarize knowledge of the mechanisms by which bacteria and fungi metabolize the macromolecular structure of lignite coals. They also explore the potential for developing commercially viable biotransformations of low rank coals into useful chemicals and clean-burning liquid and gaseous fuels. Microbial Transformations of Low Rank Coals reviews the types of aerobic and anaerobic microbes known to transform fuel and discusses the relative potential of aerobic versus anaerobic organisms. Biochemical mechanisms used by microorganisms to solubilize, depolymerize, liquify, and gasify coal are examined. The book also reviews the potential for using microorganisms to remove organic sulfur from coal and the potential for using genetic engineering to improve coal biotransforming microorganisms.