Swami Vivekananda A Historical Review

Among the many biographies of Swami Vivekananda, the present book has a place of special importance, as it is a historical review of the great life and contribution of the Swami by one whose scrutiny of facts, analysis of events and unbiased search for truth won him a place of honour among the eminent historians of the twentieth century. In this book published by Advaita Ashrama, a publication house of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math, India, the author has deliberately avoided discussions on mystic experiences and philosophical ideas of the Swami and has portrayed him purely on historical lines.

The book also takes a hard look at his universally acknowledged reputation as a hypercosmological renouncer who championed the causes of the poor and the downtrodden and thus exemplified the doctrines of socialism at their finest. Sil is the first scholar to critically examine Vivekananda's attitude toward women in general and to probe into his experience with Margaret Noble (Sister Nivedita) in particular, and he is the first author to provide a detailed analysis of Vivekananda's popularity as a preacher and lecturer.

With historical-critical analysis and dialogical even-handedness, the essays of this book re-assess the life and legacy of Swami Vivekananda, forged at a time of colonial suppression, from the vantage point of socially-engaged religion at a time of global dislocations and international inequities. Due to the complexity of Vivekananda as a historical figure on the cusp of late modernity with its vast transformations, few works offer a contemporary, multi-vocal, nuanced, academic examination of his liberative vision and legacy in the way that this volume does. It brings together North American, European, British, and Indian scholars associated with a broad array of humanistic disciplines towards critical-constructive, contextually-sensitive reflections on one of the most important thinkers and theologians of the modern era.

The present work is a new perspective on the Bhagavad-Gita, supported by through research, for it focuses attention on the social relevance of this famous Hindu scripture. Part 1 provides a penetrating analysis of how new interpretations of the Gita palyed a significant role in the social history of India during the ninteenth and twentieth centuries. The illustrative material consists of five case studies relating to : Raja Rammohun Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Aurobindo Ghose and Mahatma Gandhi. Part II expalins how the social applications of the Gita are linked with its most important teaching for the modern age, viz.,Loksamgraha- the good of the society. Lokasamgraha is a sanskrit term occurring in the Gita but not in Upanishads and a modern interpretation of the lokasamgraha-approach is the inculcation of social values and a sense of social responsibility in each individual.

The Hindu thinker Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was and remains an important figure both within India, and in the West, where he was notable for preaching Vedanta. Scholarship surrounding Vivekananda is dominated by hagiography and his (mis)appropriation by the political Hindu Right. This work demonstrates that Vivekananda was no simplistic pluralist, as portrayed in hagiographical texts, nor narrow exclusivist, as portrayed by some modern Hindu nationalists, but a thoughtful, complex inclusivist. The book shows that Vivekananda formulated a hierarchical and inclusivistic framework of Hinduism, based upon his interpretations of a four-fold system of Yoga. It goes on to argue that Vivekananda understood his formulation of Vedanta to be universal, and applied it freely to non-Hindu traditions, and in so doing, demonstrates that Vivekananda was consistently critical of ‘low level’ spirituality, not only in non-Hindu traditions, but also within Hinduism. Demonstrating that Vivekananda is best understood within the context of ‘Advaitic primacy’, rather than ‘Hindu chauvinism’, this book will be of interest to scholars of Hinduism and South Asian religion and of South Asian diaspora communities and religious studies more generally.