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The law governing the admissibility of expert evidence in criminal trials is unsatisfactory. If the reliability of expert evidence is in question, there are no clear guide lines for determining whether or not it is sufficiently trustworthy to be considered by the jury. This title makes provisional proposals for reform.

This project addressed the admissibility of expert evidence in criminal proceedings in England and Wales. Currently, too much expert opinion evidence is admitted without adequate scrutiny because no clear test is being applied to determine whether the evidence is sufficiently reliable to be admitted. Juries may therefore be reaching conclusions on the basis of unreliable evidence, as confirmed by a number of miscarriages of justice in recent years. Following consultation on a discussion paper (LCCP 190, 2009, ISDBN 9780118404655) the Commission recommends that there should be a new reliability-based admissibility test for expert evidence in criminal proceedings. The test would not need to be applied routinely or unnecessarily, but it would be applied in appropriate cases and it would result in the exclusion of unreliable expert opinion evidence. Under the test, expert opinion evidence would not be admitted unless it was adjudged to be sufficiently reliable to go before a jury. The draft Criminal Evidence (Experts) Bill published with the report (as Appendix A) sets out the admissibility test and also provides the guidance judges would need when applying the test, setting out the key reasons why an expert's opinion evidence might be unreliable. The Bill also codifies (with slight modifications) the uncontroversial aspects of the present law, so that all the admissibility requirements for expert evidence would be set out in a single Act of Parliament and carry equal authority.

Welcome to the public disclosure of the world's first body of required reading for ALL duly appointed, lawfully elected or employed persons in public office or in private enterprise, as leaders; legislators, policymakers; regulators; technical experts; scientists; members of Top Management; global professional liability insurers including corporate risk insurers; legal professionals; law enforcement; and business persons; promoters; consultants; investors; students - in at least 119 countries - who seek primary source, traceable, verifiable and immutable knowledge on the origins, commercialization, litigation-testing and National and International Standardization of the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" and related concept system subject matter: including but not limited electronic peer-to-peer finance (non-bank, non-institutional, non-syndicated, non-regulated or regulatory exempt, free trading; (P2P)/Private/Crypto/Secret/Shadow) utility tokens, securities token. This global public disclosure is designed to be your practical and scholarly, primary source knowledge commencing from at least as early as 14-August-2001 until present day (September 2019 - or as of latest update) on the origin of the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" and related concept system matter; and is designed to be relied upon as a legislative-, regulatory-, public policy-making-, academic-, business-, investment- , professional-, technical-, and scientific reference, now and into the future. As an electronic - (intellectual property token; trademark brand: MQCC InPUT™ ) - format encyclopedic authoritative reference, this First Edition will be continually improved until the next edition is published. If you are a lawfully elected or duly appointed public official (Head of State, Senator, Minister, Legislator, Policy Maker, Regulator); lawfully elected, duly appointed or employed member of a regulated, reporting or private organization in the role of Top Management (Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- level or Board of Director-level) member; a legal professional; an professional liability insurance/organization risk underwriter; an investor, academic or interested person: before you spend any of your personal money (or any more personal money) and your valuable personal time on 'BlockChain'-anything or 'crypto'-anything; put this electronic reference [intellectual property utility token (distinctively known as the MQCC™-registered, global trademark: MQCC InPUT™)] in your personal library and learn directly from the person (Author) who: <*> first identified and commercialized (starting at least as early as April 9, 2005) a globally accessible, peer-to-peer electronic finance system; (cryptofinancial network). <*> first registered (starting at least as early as May 9, 2008) a subordinate Quality Management System to ISO 9001:2000; ISO 9001:2008 and the current risk-based ISO 9001:2015 in order to publicly prove to "the world", that the globally accessible system-network methods and products are better, safer, more efficient and in order to establish at-a-glance (prima facie) levels of trust - at a global scale; <*> Over the past 19 years, has personally introduced and educated the following classes of people on the origins and over-14 years of successfully commercialized, National and International consensus-standards-based, application the overarching concept system including: the "Principles of 'BlockChain'; utility tokens, securities tokens, conformity science: *> public officials (Ministers, Legislators, Policy Makers, Regulators) *> lawyers employed by law enforcement agencies *> lawyers employed by public market securities regulators *> CEO's, Executive Officers, members of Top Management of regulated, reporting or private business organizations *> retail customers (investors and investees) *> and more <*> Developed, what is today, the world's most trusted and trustworthy global system-network of its kind that, for over 12 years, meets and exceeds United States a (US) Department of Defense (DoD), General Services Administration (GSA), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Higher-level contract quality requirements and integrates elements of the globally trusted US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Framework Core for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity. This encyclopedic authoritative reference takes you from the start, from at least as early as 14-August-2001 to Present day (September 2019). Now that this compendium is published, if any consultant or business promoter, anywhere in the world (at least in 119 countries where ISO 9000 is considered a National Standard class of family of standards) on matters claims to know what he or she is talking about and has not proven to you that they have read this important work of public disclosure, then they really don't know scientific-based, historically-accurate, information timeline. -> Learn how the Author has been telling CyrptoExchange CEO's to learn the MQCC Standards™, so they can make their cryptoexchanges better, safer and more efficient for the inexperienced global public and regulatory community -- months (and years) before sad events occurred when some exchanges suffered catastrophic shutdowns because Top Management did not have and still do not have, the historically proven systems that they need to assure better, safer and more efficient cryptofinancial operations; which MQCC developed. --> Learn how some CEO's or Top Management of Banks and Public Securities Exchanges have been explained that an over 14 year-old fully functional system built on the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" exists and will prevent corporate shareholder financial loss caused by risk due to uncertainty created by nonconformity events like mortgage fraud and ineffective public (reporting securities issuer) company operators. -> Learn how a proven regulatory-integrated framework of co-existence between public securities regulators and non-public securities regulators and regulatees has evolved since at least as early as August 14, 2001. -> Learn how the term Bungay Unification of Quantum Processes Algorithm also represented as the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" was abstracted from observation of the originating object or phenomenon. -> Learn how to find out who is a competent consultant and who is not a competent consultant on matters related to the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" -> Learn how to the global community has misunderstood the origins and wasted (in some cases, literally) millions of dollars in ideas that are "BlockChain-in-Name-Only". -> Learn how "The Principles of 'BlockChain'" have nothing to do with computer programming language C++; which was used to program the bitcoin, alpha-state, experimental software program. -> Learn about the discovery and commercialization of SYSTEMS-LEVEL Artificial Intelligence (SL) by the yours sincerely. -> Learn how commercially available suite of systems, technology, services and products work for any size organization: 1 owner-operator to an organization with 1,000,000 million employees and more. This encyclopedic authoritative reference will be your best investment in this subject matter, ever. More about this encyclopedic authoritative reference The "Principles of 'BlockChain'" were naturally discovered out of a need to create a governance and operating system for the world's first "peer-to-peer (P2P) electronic finance system-network" for the trade in non-bank, non-institutional, non-syndicated, non-regulated or regulatory exempt, free trading securities and related financial instruments; commencing from at least as early as August 14, 2001. As a reminder, before you invest or spend any money on "BlockChain"-anything, or "crypto"-anything; learn from from the person who first discovered and then commercialized it, since at least as early as April 9, 2005 at www.privatelender.org; a person who also happens to be the world's leading authority on National and International Standards-Class NISC™ (in at least 119 countries), Quality Management System-integrated, regulatory-integrated, litigation-tested, BlockChain-based Systems, Technology, Services and Products. WARNING: If you have any question of comprehension or understanding, seek professional counsel before you - another friendly reminder - spend even one more unit of fiat currency ("real" money) on any "BlockChain" or "Crypto" project. Ask your local legislator, lawyer or, in the future your local conformity scientist and PROFESSIONAL BLOCKCHAINEER™/®. Remember this authoritative encyclopedic reference is written by the person who developed the world's first commercialized an application of the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" in Commerce for a peer-to-peer electronic finance system. A body of transmundane knowledge encompassing a variety of knowledge disciplines. Having built "it" first and having built "it" right, means - despite being the CEO of a commercial finance sector organization - the Author is more or less "under the radar" from the scrutiny of the general public due to successful application of the sub-principle "effective disintermediation"; as such, nobody on Earth has really been afforded an opportunity to "look behind the history" - in a single, primary source compendium - to see how delicate, comprehensive, complex and beneficial conformity science and the "Principles of 'BlockChain'", truly are. Not to mention the painstaking diligent years of maintaining the momentum. If you, your family, your company or your country is even "thinking" about investing limited sovereign resources and valuable time into the "Principles of 'BlockChain'", "crypto"-anything, "token"-anything and related matters (or want to be an authority on the subject), then learn about its origins, its regulatory-scrutinized, litigation-tested commercial applications of the present-day, and its future. Especially if you are (or will be, one day) employed as a Head of State, Legislator, Policymaker, Regulator, Lawyer, member of "Top Management" (Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or Board Member of a regulated or non-regulated Organization, Academic (student, undergraduate, graduate, doctoral, post-doctoral research), Journalist, Professional Liability Insurer, Investor, Head of a Family Office; or, if you are your normal, everyday person, just curious about the world. This work of scientific-commercial-regulatory-financial literature is both a public service and an introduction to the foundational body of knowledge that led to the discovery of the "Principles of 'BlockChain'", the birth of binary digit non-bank, non-institutional, non-syndicated, non-regulated or regulatory exempt, free trading securities and related financial instruments; also known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P)/Private/Crypto/Secret/Shadow securities and related financial instruments; Binary Digit Financial Instruments or Digital Assets and the Discovery of Conformity Science. It is the foundation of evolutionary digital commerce (a new field of science for the study of the evolutionary (revolutionary, perhaps?) processes related to the discovery of the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" and production of binary digit financial instruments (digital assets), systems, technologies, services and products. The body of evidence - as you would expect from the creator of a system built on principles that creates trust through transparency, immutability, validation, traceability and verifiability - is itself, traceable, verifiable, immutable and transparent. You will not find this content anywhere else. MQCC is the point of origination. The Bungay Unification of Quantum Processes Algorithm: when Quantum Unification Theory met Commerce. A revolutionary paradigm shift in how commerce is transacted, allowing for realizable quality, conformity and control goals to be achieved; resulting in long term, sustainable inflows of money. And lots of it. If you agree that the "Principles of 'BlockChain'" offer the utmost level of immutable data (knowledge) veracity, validity, verifiability, transparency, proof and truth; then you will understand the non-trivial implications of this history of the discovery of the "Principles of 'BlockChain'". Origin of a Specie™: an authoritative encyclopedic reference that only the discoverer of the world's first globally accessible, regulatory-recognized, regulatory-integrated and regulatory-trusted, commercialized "Principles of 'BlockChain'"-based system for the trade in non-bank, non-institutional, non-syndicated, non-regulated or regulatory exempt, free trading securities and related financial instruments; also known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P)/Private/Crypto/Secret/Shadow securities and related financial instruments (Binary Digit Utility Tokens for Digital Assets), could write. 

A twelfth-century poem by the creator of the Arthurian romance describes the courageous exploits and triumphs of a brave lord who tries to win back his deserted wife's love

A blistering critique of America’s assembly-line approach to criminal justice and the shameful practice at its core: the plea bargain Most Americans believe that the jury trial is the backbone of our criminal justice system. But in fact, the vast majority of cases never make it to trial: almost all criminal convictions are the result of a plea bargain, a deal made entirely out of the public eye. Law professor and civil rights lawyer Dan Canon argues that plea bargaining may swiftly dispose of cases, but it also fuels an unjust system. This practice produces a massive underclass of people who are restricted from voting, working, and otherwise participating in society. And while innocent people plead guilty to crimes they did not commit in exchange for lesser sentences, the truly guilty can get away with murder. With heart-wrenching stories, fierce urgency, and an insider’s perspective, Pleading Out exposes the ugly truth about what’s wrong with America’s criminal justice system today—and offers a prescription for meaningful change.

Archie has a dream that a fairy magically transforms him to walk in the shoes of those less fortunate than himself. It is a new Archie that plays with his cousin, Lina, the next day.