The Double Consciousness In African American Crime Fiction Popular Literature As Platform For Social Criticism

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, Ruhr-University of Bochum (Philologie), 20 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This work deals with double consciousness in contemporary African American crime fiction. ...] In order to find out what characterizes African American crime fiction, or at least a part of it, and where it can be settled in this large field, two selected novels, Chester Himes' Cotton Comes To Harlem and Walter Mosley's Devil In A Blue Dress will be analyzed in the background of the concept of "double consciousness", a term which was coined by W.E.B. Du Bois in his work The Souls of Black Folk in the early 20th century. ...] Light will be shed on the generic features of the novels, such as the plot, the narrative structure, the imagery and the constellation of the characters. Afterwards a short outline of the development of the detective novel shall be sketched to provide the reader with a necessary knowledge which will help during the analysis of the works. ...] The thesis of this paper is that double consciousness is an omnipresent element in the selected works and that it shapes each character differently in a way that it might lead either to success or failure. Depending on how the specific character is able to recognize his/her own two consciousnesses, this awareness forms the character's development in the plot and what he/she achieves in the end.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, Ruhr-University of Bochum (Philologie), 20 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This work deals with double consciousness in contemporary African American crime fiction. [...] In order to find out what characterizes African American crime fiction, or at least a part of it, and where it can be settled in this large field, two selected novels, Chester Himes’ Cotton Comes To Harlem and Walter Mosley’s Devil In A Blue Dress will be analyzed in the background of the concept of “double consciousness”, a term which was coined by W.E.B. Du Bois in his work The Souls of Black Folk in the early 20th century. [...] Light will be shed on the generic features of the novels, such as the plot, the narrative structure, the imagery and the constellation of the characters. Afterwards a short outline of the development of the detective novel shall be sketched to provide the reader with a necessary knowledge which will help during the analysis of the works. [...] The thesis of this paper is that double consciousness is an omnipresent element in the selected works and that it shapes each character differently in a way that it might lead either to success or failure. Depending on how the specific character is able to recognize his/her own two consciousnesses, this awareness forms the character’s development in the plot and what he/she achieves in the end.

Morrison is a mythbasher, says Meinze, but she is also a mythmaker whose ontology finds its meaning in nature, primitivism, the past, and the supernatural. Central to understanding Morrison's challenge to traditional values, Heinze argues, is W. E. B. Du Bois's notion of "double-consciousness" - the condition in which a person is representative of and immersed in two distinct ways of life. Heinze also draws on Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'s notion of the symbiotic relationship that Morrison, as an African-American writer, shares with white writers. Morrison's position as part of the literary establishment and as part of minority culture in America grants her two perspectives, both of which inform her work. She successfully incorporates these perspectives, Heinze contends, by appropriating conventional literary forms to render artistically the story of black experience inside white culture

"'It is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others.' For Adell, W. E. B. Du Bois's famous articulation of the 'twoness' of black Americans is the key to understanding the 'double bind' which afflicts contemporary African-American literary theory. . . . The book] demands and deserves recognition as a cogent intervention." -- Yearbook of English Studies

Black Metafiction examines the tradition of self-consciousness in African American literature. It points to the short-comings of theories of metafiction founded on studies of Anglo-American literature. While some literary critics situate metafiction within the domain of postmodernism, others regard it to be as old as storytelling itself. Scholars of African American literature acknowledge it to be a distinguishing feature. Critics such as Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Houston A. Baker, Jr., perceive it as fundamental to the aesthetics of the black vernacutar. Black Metafiction analyzes and evaluates these theories, comparing work by scholars of comparative, Anglo-American, and African American literature. Jablon's study leads to her revision of established theories and provides a model for the evaluation and reformulation of other Eurocentric theories. Jablon begins with a historical overview of theories of metafiction by scholars who specialize in African American literature and Anglo-American literature. She situates metafiction within African American literary history, tracing it from slave narratives to a discussion of ten contemporary novels, including Alice Walker's The Temple of My Familiar, Leon Forrest's Divine Days, Walter Mosley's Black Betty, Charles Johnson's Middle Passage, Rita Dove's Through the Ivory Gate, Arthur Flowers' Another Good Loving Blues, Ernest Gaines' A Lesson Before Dying, Toni Morrison's Tar Baby, Octavia Butter's Parable of the Sower, and Charlotte Watson Sherman's One Dark Body. Among the topics Jablon addresses are the Kunstlerroman and the blues hero; the thematization of art; voice, metanarrative, and the oral tradition; and genres of metafiction.

This thought-provoking cultural history explores how psychoanalytic theories shaped the works of important African American literary figures. Badia Sahar Ahad details how Nella Larsen, Richard Wright, Jean Toomer, Ralph Ellison, Adrienne Kennedy, and Danzy Senna employed psychoanalytic terms and conceptual models to challenge notions of race and racism in twentieth-century America. Freud Upside Down explores the relationship between these authors and intellectuals and the psychoanalytic movement emerging in the United States over the course of the twentieth century. Examining how psychoanalysis has functioned as a cultural phenomenon within African American literary intellectual communities since the 1920s, Ahad lays out the historiography of the intersections between African American literature and psychoanalysis and considers the creative approaches of African American writers to psychological thought in their work and their personal lives.

Winner, 2016 Distinguished Contribution to Research Book Award, given by the American Sociological Association Latino/a Section The intimate stories of 147 deportees that exposes the racialized and gendered dimensions of mass deportations in the U.S. The United States currently is deporting more people than ever before: 4 million people have been deported since 1997 –twice as many as all people deported prior to 1996. There is a disturbing pattern in the population deported: 97% of deportees are sent to Latin America or the Caribbean, and 88% are men, many of whom were originally detained through the U.S. criminal justice system. Weaving together hard-hitting critique and moving first-person testimonials, Deported tells the intimate stories of people caught in an immigration law enforcement dragnet that serves the aims of global capitalism. Tanya Golash-Boza uses the stories of 147 of these deportees to explore the racialized and gendered dimensions of mass deportation in the United States, showing how this crisis is embedded in economic restructuring, neoliberal reforms, and the disproportionate criminalization of black and Latino men. In the United States, outsourcing creates service sector jobs and more of a need for the unskilled jobs that attract immigrants looking for new opportunities, but it also leads to deindustrialization, decline in urban communities, and, consequently, heavy policing. Many immigrants are exposed to the same racial profiling and policing as native-born blacks and Latinos. Unlike the native-born, though, when immigrants enter the criminal justice system, deportation is often their only way out. Ultimately, Golash-Boza argues that deportation has become a state strategy of social control, both in the United States and in the many countries that receive deportees.