The Ethical Governance Of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning In Healthcare

This book explores the ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare. AI/ML usage in healthcare as well as our daily lives is not new. However, the direct, and oftentimes long-term effects of current technologies, in addition to the onset of future innovations, have caused much debate about the safety of AI/ML. On the one hand, AI/ML has the potential to provide effective and efficient care to patients, and this sways the argument in favor of continuing to use AI/ML; but on the other hand, the dangers (including unforeseen future consequences of the further development of the technology) leads to vehement disagreement with further AI/ML usage. Due to its potential for beneficial outcomes, the book opts to push for ethical AI/ML to be developed and examines various areas in healthcare, such as big data analytics and clinical decision-making, to uncover and discuss the importance of developing ethical governance for AI/ML in this setting.

This WHO Guidance document discusses ethical and governance issues as they arise in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for health. It contains a set of principles, recommendations, and checklists for selected end-users. The target audience is Ministries of Health, AI developers, health care workers, and industry.

This book argues that ethical evaluation of AI should be an integral part of public service ethics and that an effective normative framework is needed to provide ethical principles and evaluation for decision-making in the public sphere, at both local and international levels. It introduces how the tenets of prudential rationality ethics, through critical engagement with intersectionality, can contribute to a more successful negotiation of the challenges created by technological innovations in AI and afford a relational, interactive, flexible and fluid framework that meets the features of AI research projects, so that core public and individual values are still honoured in the face of technological development. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students, and professionals engaged in public management and ethics management, AI ethics, public organizations, public service leadership and more broadly to public administration and policy, as well as applied ethics and philosophy.

This book discusses and evaluates AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms in dealing with challenges that are primarily related to public health. It also helps find ways in which we can measure possible consequences and societal impacts by taking the following factors into account: open public health issues and common AI solutions (with multiple case studies, such as TB and SARS: COVID-19), AI in sustainable health care, AI in precision medicine and data privacy issues. Public health requires special attention as it drives economy and education system. COVID-19 is an example—a truly infectious disease outbreak. The vision of WHO is to create public health services that can deal with abovementioned crucial challenges by focusing on the following elements: health protection, disease prevention and health promotion. For these issues, in the big data analytics era, AI and ML tools/techniques have potential to improve public health (e.g., existing healthcare solutions and wellness services). In other words, they have proved to be valuable tools not only to analyze/diagnose pathology but also to accelerate decision-making procedure especially when we consider resource-constrained regions.

Although AI is opening new and exciting opportunities in healthcare, implementation still faces challenges. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: From Ethical, Social, and Legal Perspectives provides answers on how to improve acceptance and diminish the anxiety of the use of AI-assisted medicine. Through a series of social, ethical, and legal discussions from clinicians, social scientists, ethicists, and legal experts this important reference has coverage that includes good data custodianship and stewardship; data access, data bias, data & healthcare equity; privacy and confidentiality; algorithmic understanding; and regulatory guidance, accountability, and legal responsibility. This reference will explain to healthcare providers how AI will enhance healthcare, will introduce to scientists and researchers the ethical and social aspect of AI that needs to be addressed, and will urge policymakers and health authorities to consider the legal framework needed to implement AI technology in healthcare. Discusses the issues that must be addressed to improve acceptance and diminish the anxiety and lack of trust surrounding the care of human health by machines Examines the delicate issues surrounding the use of AI in making life-and-death decisions Sets the framework of social, ethical, and legal aspects of healthcare for the future

Explore the theory and practical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in healthcare. This book offers a guided tour of machine learning algorithms, architecture design, and applications of learning in healthcare and big data challenges. You’ll discover the ethical implications of healthcare data analytics and the future of AI in population and patient health optimization. You’ll also create a machine learning model, evaluate performance and operationalize its outcomes within your organization. Machine Learning and AI for Healthcare provides techniques on how to apply machine learning within your organization and evaluate the efficacy, suitability, and efficiency of AI applications. These are illustrated through leading case studies, including how chronic disease is being redefined through patient-led data learning and the Internet of Things. What You'll LearnGain a deeper understanding of key machine learning algorithms and their use and implementation within wider healthcare Implement machine learning systems, such as speech recognition and enhanced deep learning/AI Select learning methods/algorithms and tuning for use in healthcare Recognize and prepare for the future of artificial intelligence in healthcare through best practices, feedback loops and intelligent agentsWho This Book Is For Health care professionals interested in how machine learning can be used to develop health intelligence – with the aim of improving patient health, population health and facilitating significant care-payer cost savings.

This book offers a synthesis of investigations on the ethics, governance and policies affecting the design, development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Each chapter can be read independently, but the overall structure of the book provides a complementary and detailed understanding of some of the most pressing issues brought about by AI and digital innovation. Given its modular nature, it is a text suitable for readers who wish to gain a reliable orientation about the ethics of AI and for experts who wish to know more about specific areas of the current debate.

The present document is the report of the first expert meeting, which was held 2–4 October 2019 at WHO in Geneva. Participants discussed current and potential artificial intelligence (AI) applications for global health in the context of existing frameworks and human rights standards. The participants considered the main challenges of ethics, governance and equitable access and discussed potential solutions. The expert meeting has established a foundation for the second meeting which was held on 5 and 6 March 2020 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The publication of the WHO guidance document on Ethics and governance of AI for health is envisaged for completion in 2021.