The Future Of Animals Cells Models And Systems In Research Development Education And Testing

Contents: Historical Perspectives of Biomedical Experimentation; Human Perspectives; The Era of Humane Awareness; Biological Variability: Precision in Biomedical Research; Experimental Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages; Ethological Contributions to the Medical and Behavioral Sciences; Animal Behavior: Relation to Illness and Disease; Animal Models; Biostatistical and Biomathematical Methods in Efficient Animal Experimentation; A Legislator's View on Animal Legislation; Cells in Culture in Biology, Medicine, and Public Health; In Vitro Systems in Basic Biomedical Research; Application of In vitro Systems to Public Health; A Review of the Validity of Presently Accepted Scientific Standards; The Ethics of Biomedical Experimentation; Ecological Considerations in the Use of Wild Animals for Biomedical Research; and Root and Branch: Legal Aspects of Biomedical Studies in Man and Other Animals.

Biology is where many of science's most exciting and relevant advances are taking place. Yet, many students leave school without having learned basic biology principles, and few are excited enough to continue in the sciences. Why is biology education failing? How can reform be accomplished? This book presents information and expert views from curriculum developers, teachers, and others, offering suggestions about major issues in biology education: what should we teach in biology and how should it be taught? How can we measure results? How should teachers be educated and certified? What obstacles are blocking reform?

Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

This volume grew out of a project to conduct a survey of the scientific literature of the United States for items addressing the e. thical and humane issues of animal experimentation. The original purpose of the survey was to provide packground information for the development of a set of guide lines for the use of animals in research then in preparation by The New York Academy of Sciences' Ad Hoc Committee on Animal Research. ! We soon realized, however, that the survey constituted a valuable resource in its own right. In this book we present the results of the literature survey along with relevant information about its legislative and historical con text. We hope that this material will be helpful to biomedical researchers grappling with animal welfare problems as well as to social scientists interested in tracing the evolution of the 20th-century phase of the animal research controversy. The time span covered by the survey was selected to match the 20-year period between the passage of the first federal Animal Welfare Act in 1966 and the most recent legislation regulating animal research, which took effect during 1986. Our analysis examines this transitional period through the pages of the scientific literature. During these 2 decades, animal re search in the United States was transformed. Activist animal protection organizations catapulted troublesome ethical questions to national prom inence, throwing the scientific community2 into turmoil.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.