The Geo Politics Of Lng In Trinidad And Tobago And Venezuela In The 21st Century

The original text of this work was published in 2014 which meant that events after the death of President Hugo Chavez in Venezuela in March 2013 such as the Maduro Presidency from 2013 to 2024 and the impact of the unilateral coercive measures of the USA on the natural gas sector of Venezuela need to be included in a revised version. Likewise, the evolution of the gas production shortfall and the measures slated to mitigate this shortfall in T&T, including the dance with Venezuela for the supply of Venezuelan gas to the gas sector of T&T which involves the grave risk of US unilateral coercive measures impacting the gas supply relationship with Venezuela with telling impact on the gas sector of T&T must be analysed. This updated revision presents then the developments in the gas sectors of Venezuela and T&T from 2014 to 2024 thereby analysing the pressing reality of the impact of geopolitics on the LNG sector of both T&T and Venezuela in the 21st century.

This book deals with the paradigm that drove the engagement to create LNG production and export plants in Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela in the late 20th and early 21st century, the geo-politics that dominated the process of LNG capacity creation in both Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela and finally it deals with the collapse of the paradigm and its impact on Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela in the 21st century. The book presents a comparative analysis of two entirely different and contradictory paradigms of exploitation of national energy resources namely that of Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela and the game changer that the US shale gas revolution is.

This book analyses Mexican Transnational Trafficking Organisations (MTTOs) organised crime enterprises in Belize with specific emphasis on human smuggling and the joint organised crime enterprises with politicians and public servants. The driving discourse of the book insists that the failure of the Belizean state to resist the assault of transnational organised crime lies in the failure of its imported and imposed Westminster model of government to form an organic bond with the neo-colonial plantation social order since independence. And that the discourse of corruption is inadequate to the task of unraveling the reality of this Frankenstein monster seeking to pass itself of as a modern North Atlantic state.

As separate entities and later a unified state, the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago boast very unique histories. Initially claimed by the Spanish in 1498, these territories were affected by the imperialist thrusts of various European nations including the French, British and Dutch. The mercantilist infiltrations of these groups, particularly in the 18th century, led to the islands’ belated development as sugar producers and, particularly Trinidad, as a cradle of migration. World War II and the development of the oil and tourism industries in the 20th century transformed the economies, culture and society of these islands. The country has been one of the most important in the region in relation to economic and political leadership and as a centre of cultural development. Historical Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Trinidad and Tobago.

Global consumption of natural gas is generally expected to double by 2030. However, in the areas of highest-expected demand, the consumption of gas is expected to far outstrip indigenous supplies. This book explores the political challenges which may accompany a shift to a gas-fed world.

The impact of energy on global security and economy is clear and profound, and this is why in recent years energy security has become a source of concern to most countries. However, energy security means different things to different countries based on their geographic location, their endowment of resources their strategic and economic conditions. In this book, Gal Luft and Anne Korin with the help of twenty leading experts provide an overview of the world's energy system and its vulnerabilities that underlay growing concern over energy security. It hosts a debate about the feasibility of resource conflicts and covers issues such as the threat of terrorism to the global energy system, maritime security, the role of multinationals and non-state actors in energy security, the pathways to energy security through diversification of sources and the development of alternative energy sources. It delves into the various approaches selected producers, consumers and transit states have toward energy security and examines the domestic and foreign policy tradeoffs required to ensure safe and affordable energy supply. The explains the various pathways to energy security and the tradeoffs among them and demonstrates how all these factors can be integrated in a larger foreign and domestic policy framework. It also explores the future of nuclear power, the complex relations between energy security and environmental concerns and the role for decentralized energy as a way to enhance energy security.

This book assesses the full impact of oil windfalls on six developing producer countries - Algeria, Ecuador, Indonesia, Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. This is the first time that the issue has been systematically analysed and related to economics policies and underlying macroeconomic characteristics. The book adopts a broad approach, blending institutional and political aspects with quantitative analysis which includes the results of sophisticated model simulations. It presents new information on how oil discoveries have been used by producer governments, and analyses of the consequences. Finally it concludes that much of the potential benefit to producers has been dissipated, and explains why producers may actually end up worse off despite revenue gains.