The Learning Process

First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methods--to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.

By uniting key concepts and methods from education, psychology, statistics, econometrics, medicine, language, and forensic science, this textbook provides an interdisciplinary methodological approach to study human learning processes longitudinally. This longitudinal approach can help to acquire a better understanding of learning processes, can inform both future learning and the revision of educational content and formats, and may help to foster self-regulated learning skills. The initial section of this textbook focuses on different types of research questions as well as practice-driven questions that may refer to groups or to individual learners. This is followed by a discussion of different types of outcome variables in educational research and practice, such as pass/fail and other dichotomies, multi-category nominal choices, ordered performance categories, and different types of quantifiable (i.e., interval or ratio level of measurement) variables. For each of these types of outcome variables, single-measurement and repeated-measurements scenarios are offered with clear examples. The book then introduces cross-sectional and longitudinal interdependence of learning-related variables through emerging network-analytic methods and in the final part the learned concepts are applied to different types of studies involving time series. The book concludes with some general guidelines to give direction to future (united) educational research and practice. This textbook is a must-have for all applied researchers, teachers and practitioners interested in (the teaching of) human learning, instructional design, assessment, life-long learning or applications of concepts and methods commonly encountered in fields such as econometrics, psychology, and sociology to educational research and practice.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Blended Learning, ICBL 2021, held online in August 2021. The 30 papers, including 4 keynote papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. The conference theme of ICBL 2021 is Blended Learning: Re-thinking and Re-defining the Learning Process. The papers are organized in topical sections named: content and instructional design; enriched and smart learning experience; experience in blended learning; institutional policies and strategies; and online and collaborative learning.

In this book, the educational theory of metacognitive learning and its instructional implications are used to describe and illustrate how learners can become effective or self-directive learners. First, three levels of general knowledge of the learning process are discussed in this book through an overview of research studies. The book then describes how learners can develop along these levels and learn to effectively plan their learning. This book includes study and educational material centered on the learning and instruction of general knowledge of the learning process.

Promoting Assessment as Learning sets out to re-examine the relationship between assessment and learning in the classroom. It argues that assessment is an important part of pupil learning, and needs to be understood by pupils in order to help them make judgements about their own progress. This timely book explores the theories of learning and assessment within the context of national tests and also through the theme of self-assessment. It offers practical approaches to help teachers translate national policy into meaningful classroom practice, and suggests ways to help pupils develop their own assessment skills through a process of consolidation, reflection and revision. This book will appeal to new and practising primary school teachers and headteachers and those on in-service courses. It will also be of interest to students on initial teacher training and higher degree courses.

This updated edition of the award-winning bestseller shows teachers how to help students become the motivated, successful, and natural learners they were born to be.