The Politics Of Atrocity And Reconciliation

Humphrey examines contemporary political violence and atrocity in the context of the crisis of the nation-state. This book provides a theoretical and comparative analysis of the legacies of violence for social reconstruction.

First Published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Effective peace agreements are rarely accomplished by idealists. The process of moving from situations of entrenched oppression, armed conflict, open warfare, and mass atrocities toward peace and reconciliation requires a series of small steps and compromises to open the way for the kind of dialogue and negotiation that make political stability, the beginning of democracy, and the rule of law a possibility. For over forty years, Charles Villa-Vicencio has been on the front lines of Africa's battle for racial equality. In Walk with Us and Listen, he argues that reconciliation needs honest talk to promote trust building and enable former enemies and adversaries to explore joint solutions to the cause of their conflicts. He offers a critical assessment of the South African experiment in transitional justice as captured in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and considers the influence of ubuntu, in which individuals are defined by their relationships, and other traditional African models of reconciliation. Political reconciliation is offered as a cautious model against which transitional politics needs to be measured. Villa-Vicencio challenges those who stress the obligation to prosecute those allegedly guilty of gross violation of human rights, replacing this call with the need for more complementarity between the International Criminal Court and African mechanisms to achieve the greater goals of justice and peace building.

In a sweeping review of forty truth commissions, Priscilla Hayner delivers a definitive exploration of the global experience in official truth-seeking after widespread atrocities. When Unspeakable Truths was first published in 2001, it quickly became a classic, helping to define the field of truth commissions and the broader arena of transitional justice. This second edition is fully updated and expanded, covering twenty new commissions formed in the last ten years, analyzing new trends, and offering detailed charts that assess the impact of truth commissions and provide comparative information not previously available. Placing the increasing number of truth commissions within the broader expansion in transitional justice, Unspeakable Truths surveys key developments and new thinking in reparations, international justice, healing from trauma, and other areas. The book challenges many widely-held assumptions, based on hundreds of interviews and a sweeping review of the literature. This book will help to define how these issues are addressed in the future.

Nicole Fox investigates the ways memorials can shape the experiences of survivors decades after massacres have ended. She examines how memorializations can both heal and hurt, especially when they fail to represent all genders, ethnicities, and classes of those afflicted.

Political violence does not end with the last death. A common feature of mass murder has been the attempt at destroying any memory of victims, with the aim of eliminating them from history. Perpetrators seek not only to eliminate a perceived threat, but also to eradicate any possibility of alternate, competing social and national histories. In his timely and important book, Unchopping a Tree, Ernesto Verdeja develops a critical justification for why transitional justice works. He asks, “What is the balance between punishment and forgiveness? And, “What are the stakes in reconciling?” Employing a normative theory of reconciliation that differs from prevailing approaches, Verdeja outlines a concept that emphasizes the importance of shared notions of moral respect and tolerance among adversaries in transitional societies. Drawing heavily from cases such as reconciliation efforts in Latin America and Africa—and interviews with people involved in such efforts—Verdeja debates how best to envision reconciliation while remaining realistic about the very significant practical obstacles such efforts face Unchopping a Tree addresses the core concept of respect across four different social levels—political, institutional, civil society, and interpersonal—to explain the promise and challenges to securing reconciliation and broader social regeneration.

Narrating Political Reconciliation offers a compelling approach to South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). It provides a critical theoretical account of how the TRC's reconciliation story came into being, and how it shaped and promoted the norms, practices and truisms central to the global 'reconciliation industry'. In particular, the book examines the material practices and rituals that underpinned the TRC. Claire Moon shows how the TRC narrated apartheid history as a sequence of gross violations of human rights perpetrated with a political objective, with the effect of transforming competing politico-moral claims into an 'objective' legal-technical discourse. She also shows how the TRC constructed victims and perpetrators as the key subjects of the new political order through ritual practices of confession, testimony, forgiveness and healing. Moon argues that, the TRC had multiple and divergent effects. Whilst it attempted to secure reconciliation, the TRC also generated new social conflicts around questions of justice, reparations and apartheid violence: it appeared to redeem those who profited from apartheid but did not directly perpetrate atrocities; it left unacknowledged the everyday suffering of thousands; it left undisturbed structures of material inequality within which political violence was made possible. Overall, Moon provides a unique approach to reconciliation and transitional justice in post-conflict and democratizing states, and this book serves as a challenging critical analysis of the field for students and scholars alike.