The Representation Of Imperialism In Rudyard Kipling S Plain Tales From The Hills

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald (Institut für Fremdsprachliche Philologien), course: Imagining the Nation: From the British Empire to Multicultural Britain, language: English, abstract: One of the most influential and well-known authors during the time of the British Empire and still today is without doubt Rudyard Kipling. Whether or not his political views can be agreed upon, he nevertheless represents a great part of English literature. He wrote numerous novels, short stories and poems and was even awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. (cf. Green 22) Along with this great success, however, came also a spate of criticism leading to an “ambivalent attitude towards the author and his work” (Gilbert: xvii). Herein lays the prominent reason for writing a paper on colonialism: in the controversial portray of Rudyard Kipling. Some authors like Henry James view him as “the most complete man of genius [to be] ever known” (159) whilst others see him as a “jingo imperialist [...] morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting” (Orwell 74). The majority of Kipling’s work has been written during the peak times of the British Empire and takes same one as thematic playground. Kipling is said to have created “not only the best but almost the only literary picture [of Anglo-India].” (Orwell 82) and thus resemble a suitable foundation for analysis. Hence, it shall be examined what picture of Imperialism with particular reference to Indian colony and its inhabitants as subjects to the Royal government as well as the role of the English in India, is created in Rudyard Kipling’s work. Is it really as Fabian Schefold proposes, that Kipling’s writing is furnished with racist and imperialist ideas, presenting Britain as racial superior to India? (cf. 59-60) Or is it as Edgar Mertner suggests, that Kipling was rather critic of the British rule in India considering it “a huge macabre joke” (145).

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald (Institut für Fremdsprachliche Philologien), course: Imagining the Nation: From the British Empire to Multicultural Britain, language: English, abstract: One of the most influential and well-known authors during the time of the British Empire and still today is without doubt Rudyard Kipling. Whether or not his political views can be agreed upon, he nevertheless represents a great part of English literature. He wrote numerous novels, short stories and poems and was even awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. (cf. Green 22) Along with this great success, however, came also a spate of criticism leading to an "ambivalent attitude towards the author and his work" (Gilbert: xvii). Herein lays the prominent reason for writing a paper on colonialism: in the controversial portray of Rudyard Kipling. Some authors like Henry James view him as "the most complete man of genius [to be] ever known" (159) whilst others see him as a "jingo imperialist [...] morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting" (Orwell 74). The majority of Kipling's work has been written during the peak times of the British Empire and takes same one as thematic playground. Kipling is said to have created "not only the best but almost the only literary picture [of Anglo-India]." (Orwell 82) and thus resemble a suitable foundation for analysis. Hence, it shall be examined what picture of Imperialism with particular reference to Indian colony and its inhabitants as subjects to the Royal government as well as the role of the English in India, is created in Rudyard Kipling's work. Is it really as Fabian Schefold proposes, that Kipling's writing is furnished with racist and imperialist ideas, presenting Britain as racial superior to India? (cf. 59-60) Or is it as Edgar Mertner suggests, that Kipling was rather critic of the British rule in India co

She was the daughter of Sonoo, a Hill-man, and Jadeh his wife. One year their maize failed, and two bears spent the night in their only poppy-field just above the Sutlej Valley on the Kotgarth side; so, next season, they turned Christian, and brought their baby to the Mission to be baptized. The Kotgarth Chaplain christened her Elizabeth, and "Lispeth" is the Hill or pahari pronunciation. Later, cholera came into the Kotgarth Valley and carried off Sonoo and Jadeh, and Lispeth became half-servant, half-companion to the wife of the then Chaplain of Kotgarth. This was after the reign of the Moravian missionaries, but before Kotgarth had quite forgotten her title of "Mistress of the Northern Hills." Whether Christianity improved Lispeth, or whether the gods of her own people would have done as much for her under any circumstances, I do not know; but she grew very lovely. When a Hill girl grows lovely, she is worth traveling fifty miles over bad ground to look upon. Lispeth had a Greek face-one of those faces people paint so often, and see so seldom. She was of a pale, ivory color and, for her race, extremely tall. Also, she possessed eyes that were wonderful; and, had she not been dressed in the abominable print-cloths affected by Missions, you would, meeting her on the hill-side unexpectedly, have thought her the original Diana of the Romans going out to slay. Lispeth took to Christianity readily, and did not abandon it when she reached womanhood, as do some Hill girls. Her own people hated her because she had, they said, become a memsahib and washed herself daily; and the Chaplain's wife did not know what to do with her. Somehow, one cannot ask a stately goddess, five foot ten in her shoes, to clean plates and dishes. So she played with the Chaplain's children and took classes in the Sunday School, and read all the books in the house, and grew more and more beautiful, like the Princesses in fairy tales. The Chaplain's wife said that the girl ought to take service in Simla as a nurse or something "genteel." But Lispeth did not want to take service. She was very happy where she was.

Plain Tales from the Hills (published 1888) is the first collection of short stories by Rudyard Kipling. Out of its 40 stories, "eight-and-twenty," according to Kipling's Preface, were initially published in the Civil and Military Gazette in Lahore, Punjab, British India, between November 1886 and June 1887. "The remaining tales are, more or less, new." (Kipling had worked as a journalist for the CMG-his first job-since 1882, when he was not quite 17.) The title refers, by way of a pun on "Plain" as the reverse of "Hills," to the deceptively simple narrative style; and to the fact that many of the stories are set in the Hill Station of Simla-the "summer capital of the British Raj" during the hot weather. Not all of the stories are, in fact, about life in "the Hills": Kipling gives sketches of many aspects of life in British India. The tales include the first appearances, in book form, of Mrs. Hauksbee, the policeman Strickland, and the Soldiers Three (Privates Mulvaney, Ortheris and Learoyd). The stories[edit] "Lispeth" "Three and - an Extra" "Thrown Away" "Miss Youghal's Sais" "Yoked with an Unbeliever'" "False Dawn" "The Rescue of Pluffles" "Cupid's Arrows" "The Three Musketeers" "His Chance in Life" "Watches of the Night" "The Other Man" "Consequences" "The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin" "The Taking of Lungtungpen" "A Germ-Destroyer" "Kidnapped" "The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly" "In the House of Suddhoo" "His Wedded Wife" "The Broken Link Handicap" "Beyond the Pale" "In Error" "A Bank Fraud" "Tods' Amendment" "The Daughter of the Regiment" "In the Pride of his Youth" "Pig" "The Rout of the White Hussars" "The Bronckhorst Divorce-case" "Venus Annodomini" "The Bisara of Pooree" "A Friend's Friend" "The Gate of the Hundred Sorrows" "The Madness of Private Ortheris" "The Story of Muhammad Din" "On the Strength of a Likeness" "Wressley of the Foreign Office" "By Word of Mouth" "To be Filed for Reference..". Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( 30 December 1865 - 18 January 1936) was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist. Kipling's works of fiction include The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and many short stories, including "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888).His poems include "Mandalay" (1890), "Gunga Din" (1890), "The Gods of the Copybook Headings" (1919), "The White Man's Burden" (1899), and "If-" (1910). He is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story; his children's books are classics of children's literature; and one critic described his work as exhibiting "a versatile and luminous narrative gift." Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the United Kingdom, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Henry James said: "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known." In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and its youngest recipient to date.He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, both of which he declined. Kipling's subsequent reputation has changed according to the political and social climate of the age and the resulting contrasting views about him continued for much of the 20th century. George Orwell called him a "prophet of British imperialism." Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote: "[Kipling] is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and an increasing recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts, make him a force to be reckoned with."

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: 20th Century Short Stories, 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: There has been manifold discussion among Kipling critics, as far as his attitude towards imperialism is concerned. Not only that - the author's political involvement has been conceived as a disturbing factor in enjoying his literature, even complicating the appreciation of his artistic talents. Why is this so? Why do some critics find it harder to forgive Kipling his political commitment than other writers? And why is it important to scrutinise this matter at all in the first place? It looks as if the motivation here - which is probably the case with any serious enquiry of significant literature - is rooted in the desire to understand the hidden force behind the deep impression Kipling's work has obviously made on so many of his contemporaries and to come up with an answer as to whether this force is something to approve of or not. It is around this point the whole imperialism dispute seems to circle. Thus, an explanation for the controversy with which Kipling's accomplishments as a writer are discussed might to a certain extent be found in his strongly debated political attitude and his perception of reality connected with it. The following study presents a brief investigation into the question of Kipling's stance on colonialist rule as it appears in his short story Beyond the Pale. It goes without saying that only a few aspects of relevance in the context of the issue at hand can be touched upon here for the limited available space does not allow a more thorough examination. Kipling has been criticized as a crusader of colonialism, but whether this short story allows such a reading remains highly questionable and will have to be examined more closely on the following pages. Did he actuall

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: 20th Century Short Stories , language: English, abstract: There has been manifold discussion among Kipling critics, as far as his attitude towards imperialism is concerned. Not only that – the author’s political involvement has been conceived as a disturbing factor in enjoying his literature, even complicating the appreciation of his artistic talents. Why is this so? Why do some critics find it harder to forgive Kipling his political commitment than other writers? And why is it important to scrutinise this matter at all in the first place? It looks as if the motivation here – which is probably the case with any serious enquiry of significant literature – is rooted in the desire to understand the hidden force behind the deep impression Kipling’s work has obviously made on so many of his contemporaries and to come up with an answer as to whether this force is something to approve of or not. It is around this point the whole imperialism dispute seems to circle. Thus, an explanation for the controversy with which Kipling’s accomplishments as a writer are discussed might to a certain extent be found in his strongly debated political attitude and his perception of reality connected with it. The following study presents a brief investigation into the question of Kipling’s stance on colonialist rule as it appears in his short story Beyond the Pale. It goes without saying that only a few aspects of relevance in the context of the issue at hand can be touched upon here for the limited available space does not allow a more thorough examination. Kipling has been criticized as a crusader of colonialism, but whether this short story allows such a reading remains highly questionable and will have to be examined more closely on the following pages. Did he actually consider the work of Britain in India a “huge, macabre joke” and only use the idea of imperialism as a kind of garment to cover his personal philosophy with or is it rather as SCHEFOLD proposes that Kipling’s writing is peppered with racist and imperialist allusions, implying the notion of British racial superiority over – amongst others – India?

Plain Tales from the Hills (published 1888) is the first collection of short stories by Rudyard Kipling. Out of its 40 stories, "eight-and-twenty", according to Kipling's Preface, were initially published in the Civil and Military Gazette in Lahore, Punjab, British India, between November 1886 and June 1887. "The remaining tales are, more or less, new." (Kipling had worked as a journalist for the CMG--his first job--since 1882, when he was not quite 17.)The title refers, by way of a pun on "Plain" as the reverse of "Hills", to the deceptively simple narrative style; and to the fact that many of the stories are set in the Hill Station of Simla--the "summer capital of the British Raj" during the hot weather. Not all of the stories are, in fact, about life in "the Hills": Kipling gives sketches of many aspects of life in British India.The tales include the first appearances, in book form, of Mrs. Hauksbee, the policeman Strickland, and the Soldiers Three (Privates Mulvaney, Ortheris and Learoyd).Summary: "Lispeth" - "Three and - an Extra" - "Thrown Away" - "Miss Youghal's Sais" - "Yoked with an Unbeliever'" - "False Dawn" "The Rescue of Pluffles" - "Cupid's Arrows" - "The Three Musketeers" - "His Chance in Life" - "Watches of the Night""The Other Man" -"Consequences" - "The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin" - "The Taking of Lungtungpen" - "A Germ-Destroyer" - "Kidnapped" - "The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly" - "In the House of Suddhoo" - "His Wedded Wife" - "The Broken Link Handicap" - "Beyond the Pale" - "In Error" - "A Bank Fraud" - "Tods' Amendment" - "The Daughter of the Regiment" - "In the Pride of his Youth" - "Pig" - "The Rout of the White Hussars" - "The Bronckhorst Divorce-case" - "Venus Annodomini" - "The Bisara of Pooree" - "A Friend's Friend" - "The Gate of the Hundred Sorrows" - "The Madness of Private Ortheris" - "The Story of Muhammad Din" - "On the Strength of a Likeness" - "Wressley of the Foreign Office" - "By Word of Mouth" - "To be Filed for Reference" - Some of the characters in these stories reappear in the novel Kim.AuthorJoseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 - 18 January 1936) was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist.Kipling's works of fiction include The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and many short stories, including "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888). His poems include "Mandalay" (1890), "Gunga Din" (1890), "The Gods of the Copybook Headings" (1919), "The White Man's Burden" (1899), and "If" (1910). He is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story; his children's books are classics of children's literature, and one critic described his work as exhibiting "a versatile and luminous narrative gift".Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the United Kingdom, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Henry James said: "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known." In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize and its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, both of which he declined.Kipling's subsequent reputation has changed according to the political and social climate of the age and the resulting contrasting views about him continued for much of the 20th century. George Orwell saw Kipling as "a jingo imperialist", explaining that he was "morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting". Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote: "[Kipling] is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced.

Rudyard Kipling is one of the best known writers of the 20th century, and an author whose works are ready by kids around the globe. In his day, he was known for his tales and poems, many of which were set in India during the era of the British Empire, but now he is best known for works like The Jungle Book, Just So Stories, and Kim. Among the works Kipling produced about India, Plain Tales from the Hills is arguably the most popular. Plain Tales was Kipling's first collection of stories, and it looks at what life was like in India when the British still ruled it. It also serves as a prequel of sorts to Kim, one of Kipling's most famous novels.