The Sacred History Of Euhemerus Of Messene

In his utopian novel Hiera Anagraphe (Sacred History) Euhemerus of Messene (ca. 300 B.C.) describes his travel to the island Panchaia in the Indian Ocean where he discovered an inscribed stele in the temple of Zeus Triphylius. It turned out that the Olympian gods (Uranos, Kronos, Zeus) were deified kings. The travels of Zeus allowed to describe peoples and places all over the world. Winiarczyk investigates the sources of the theological views of Euhemerus. He proves that Euhemerus’ religious views were rooted in old Greek tradition (the worship of heroes, gods as founders of their own cult, tombs of gods, euergetism, rationalistic interpretation of myths, the explanations of the origin of religion by the sophists, the ruler cult). The description of the Panchaian society is intended to suggest an archaic and closed culture, in which the stele recording res gestae of the deified kings might have been preserved. The translation of Ennius’ Euhemerus sive Sacra historia (ca. 200 - ca. 194) is a free prose rendering, which Lactantius knew only indirectly. The book is concluded by a short history of Euhemerism in the pagan, Christian and Jewish literature.

This volume argues that Titus’s invocation of Crete affected the ways early readers developed their identities. Using archaeological data, classical writings, and early Christian documents, he describes multiple traditions that circulated on Crete and throughout the Roman Empire concerning Cretan Zeus, Cretan social structure, and Cretan Judaism. He then uses these traditions to interpret Titus and explain how the letter would intersect with and affect readers’ identities. Because readers had differing conceptions of Crete based on their location and access to and evaluation of Cretan traditions, readers would have developed their identities in multiple, conflictual, even contradictory ways.

Studies in the Historical Jesus: Anarchy, Miracles, and Madness is a selection of key essays on the historical figure of Jesus published over the last fifteen years by Justin J. Meggitt. Each addresses a central question in the study of Jesus and his context, from the role of myth in the creation of traditions about him and the historicity of his miracles, to the problem of his politics and the reasons for his execution. The collection brings fresh perspectives and new data to bear on enduring debates, and demonstrates the value of "history from below" in making sense of the historical Jesus and the world that made him.

An Ancient Theory of Religion examines a theory of religion put forward by Euhemerus of Messene (late 4th—early 3rd century BCE) in his lost work Sacred Inscription, and shows not only how and why euhemerism came about but also how it was— and still is—used. By studying the utilization of the theory in different periods—from the Graeco-Roman world to Late Antiquity, and from the Renaissance to the twenty-first century—this book explores the reception of the theory in diverse literary works. In so doing, it also unpacks the different adoptions and misrepresentations of Euhemerus’s work according to the diverse agendas of the authors and scholars who have employed his theory. In the process, certain questions are raised: What did Euhemerus actually claim? How has his theory of the origins of belief in gods been used? How can modern scholarship approach and interpret his take on religion? When referring to ‘euhemerism,’ whose version are we employing? An Ancient Theory of Religion assumes no prior knowledge of euhemerism and will be of interest to scholars working in classical reception, religious studies, and early Christian studies.

Papers collected in this volume try to illuminate various aspects of philosophical theology dealt with by different Jewish and early Christian authors and texts (e.g. the Acts of the Apostles, Philo, Origen, Gregory of Nazianzus), rooted in and influenced by the Hellenistic religious, cultural, and philosophical context, and they also focus on the literary and cultural traditions of Hellenized Judaism and its reception (e.g. Sibylline Oracles, Prayer of Manasseh), including material culture ("Elephant Mosaic Panel" from Huqoq synagogue). By studying the Hellenistic influences on early Christianity, both in response to and in reaction against early Hellenized Judaism, the volume intends not only to better understand Christianity, as a religious and historical phenomenon with a profound impact on the development of European civilization, but also to better comprehend Hellenism and its consequences which have often been relegated to the realm of political history.

An Ancient Theory of Religion examines a theory of religion put forward by Euhemerus of Messene (late 4th—early 3rd century BCE) in his lost work Sacred Inscription, and shows not only how and why euhemerism came about but also how it was— and still is—used. By studying the utilization of the theory in different periods—from the Graeco-Roman world to Late Antiquity, and from the Renaissance to the twenty-first century—this book explores the reception of the theory in diverse literary works. In so doing, it also unpacks the different adoptions and misrepresentations of Euhemerus’s work according to the diverse agendas of the authors and scholars who have employed his theory. In the process, certain questions are raised: What did Euhemerus actually claim? How has his theory of the origins of belief in gods been used? How can modern scholarship approach and interpret his take on religion? When referring to ‘euhemerism,’ whose version are we employing? An Ancient Theory of Religion assumes no prior knowledge of euhemerism and will be of interest to scholars working in classical reception, religious studies, and early Christian studies.

Imagining a different world This book offers an introduction to the Utopian Confederation RPG series and the peaceful, prosperous, and high-tech future society that provides the setting for its adventures. In this world, the island-republic of Utopia isn’t an imaginary land; it’s a diplomatic, economic, technological, and cultural trailblazer that has succeeded in unifying the world’s nations under a banner of peaceful collaboration – thanks largely to the Utopian mindset that combines a strong rationality and pursuit of scientific knowledge with a social and political philosophy that’s grounded in a deep spirituality and theological sensitivity. Will we find the answer around other stars? By the 2130s, the Utopian Confederation – and its technologically posthumanized society of human, animal, and artificially intelligent beings – has deftly mended and revitalized the earth and established new footholds throughout our solar system, on bodies including the moon, Mars, several asteroids, Callisto, Europa, Titan, and a number of orbital spacebases. No signs of life have yet been detected from from other worlds; contact with even a single alien civilization would be an epochal event that would rewrite our understanding of the universe. And advances in slower-than-light propulsion have finally brought within reach the dream of undertaking our first journeys to the nearest star systems. The recent perfection of the subluminal nuclear pulse (SNuP) drive by the Utopian Academy of Sciences has at last opened the door to the creation of true “starvessels” and made feasible the next step in our exploration of the cosmos: scientific missions to the extrasolar planets of Alpha Centauri, Barnard’s Star, Epsilon Eridani, Tau Ceti, and Wolf 1061. This endeavor is aimed at shedding light on the Fermi Paradox, which remains the most vexing scientific, technological, philosophical, and theological puzzle confronting humanity: why are we yet to discover any evidence of intelligent life “out there” in space, when all of the best scientific theories and evidence suggest that the galaxy should be teeming with advanced civilizations? Not just “utopian,” but “Utopian” Central to the game is the realm of Utopia. The remarkable history of the Utopian island-state – from its founding in ancient times up through the early 1500s – was described in detail in the eponymous volume published by Thomas More in 1516, which was based on the firsthand accounts of the traveller Raphael Hythloday, a former travelling companion of Amerigo Vespucci and one of the first modern Europeans to visit the island. Within the future gameworld of Utopian Confederation, Utopia is not a “nowhere” (as is suggested by the Greek roots of its name) but a concrete “someplace” that has played a critical role in shaping the course of events in our world – and beyond. The atmosphere of Utopian Confederation At its heart, Utopian Confederation is a game of better worlds. It is an intellectual, emotional, and spiritual exploration not only of the past worlds that might have been, if human beings had made wiser and more compassionate choices, but (more importantly) the future worlds that might yet be, if we manage not to continue destroying one another and our planet. It’s a fundamentally optimistic and hope-filled meditation on the mysteries of theodicy, metaphysics, science, and the depths of the human heart and mind. An gameworld with an “8-bit ethos” The world of Utopian Confederation also possesses a distinct aesthetic and philosophy: it’s lovingly wrapped in an “8-bit ethos” that inspired by classic video games that moves beyond the realm of graphic design to permeate all aspects of its gameplay experience and mechanics. This design philosophy not only lies at the heart not only of the Utopian Confederation computer games that are currently under development; it also serves as the foundation for a series of sourcebooks (to which this volume serves as a brief introduction) that will allow you to adapt the gameworld as a setting for tabletop RPG sessions or campaigns employing your favorite rule systems.

In this tribute to Anthony Grafton, fifty-eight contributors present new research across the many areas in which Grafton has been active in the history of scholarship and learned culture.