Trachoma Electronic Resource

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"Update of: Trichiasis surgery for trachoma, the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure and 'Final assessment of trichiasis surgeons."

Trachoma is an infectious eye disease that causes blindness; it is prevalent in many poor rural communities. The World Health Organization has set the year 2020 as the target for global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. To reach this target, the SAFE strategy (Surgery for trichiasis Antibiotics to treat Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement to reduce transmission of C. trachomatis from one person to another) is recommended for districts and communities with endemic disease. This guide has been written for managers of national and district trachoma control programs. It sets out, step-by-step, what is needed to assess the magnitude and extent of the trachoma problem in the area and how to plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate a program to control, and ultimately eliminate trachoma. Templates for a number of forms recommended for use in a program can be found in the annex. To allow adaptation of the forms for use in a specific program, electronic versions are available on the CD-ROM that accompanies this guide. The CD-ROM also contains an antibiotic requirement estimator, a template budget and a generic evaluation manual. Two versions of this guide are available:The trainer s version includes the guide with a set of 30 slides and the CD-ROM. The learner's version contains the guide with the CD-ROM.

This volume is the first book-length treatment of model-based geostatistics. The text is expository, emphasizing statistical methods and applications rather than the underlying mathematical theory. Analyses of datasets from a range of scientific contexts feature prominently, and simulations are used to illustrate theoretical results. Readers can reproduce most of the computational results in the book by using the authors' software package, geoR, whose usage is illustrated in a computation section at the end of each chapter. The book assumes a working knowledge of classical and Bayesian methods of inference, linear models, and generalized linear models.

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause one of the most common sexually transmitted infectious diseases in the world. The infection disproportionately impacts women and the highest prevalence of infection is found in adolescents. Most chlamydial infections are asymptomatic. Untreated infections are sources of further spread of infection and can lead to serious consequences including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Chlamydial infections also increase a person’s susceptibility to HIV and other STDs.Featuring contributions by internationally recognized experts in epidemiology, infectious disease research and chlamydial biology, this book provides up-to-date reviews from a clinical and public health perspective on chlamydia epidemiology and control programs, genomics and pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment, host immune responses, and the latest on the search for an effective vaccine. Also included are chapters on the impact of chlamydial infection on specific populations such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, and an update on the outbreak in Europe of the invasive chlamydial infection, lymphogranuloma venereum or LGV. This comprehensive publication is intended for clinicians, public health workers and scientists with interest in sexually transmitted diseases, medical microbiology, infectious diseases and clinical research.

Presents a fascinating and comprehensive review of trachoma, from ancient times through to the present. He makes his own predictions and recommendations regarding methods for eliminating this scourge for all time. Trachoma, which has been targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination by 2020, currently affects 84 million children in 56 countries and blinds 1.5 million adults. This seminal and highly readable work will be invaluable for anyone who is interested in trachoma, but will also appeal to those interested in the interface of public health and development, the history of medicine or health care development.

"The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.