Translation And Objects

Objects of Translation offers a nuanced approach to the entanglements of medieval elites in the regions that today comprise Afghanistan, Pakistan, and north India. The book--which ranges in time from the early eighth to the early thirteenth centuries--challenges existing narratives that cast the period as one of enduring hostility between monolithic "Hindu" and "Muslim" cultures. These narratives of conflict have generally depended upon premodern texts for their understanding of the past. By contrast, this book considers the role of material culture and highlights how objects such as coins, dress, monuments, paintings, and sculptures mediated diverse modes of encounter during a critical but neglected period in South Asian history. The book explores modes of circulation--among them looting, gifting, and trade--through which artisans and artifacts traveled, remapping cultural boundaries usually imagined as stable and static. It analyzes the relationship between mobility and practices of cultural translation, and the role of both in the emergence of complex transcultural identities. Among the subjects discussed are the rendering of Arabic sacred texts in Sanskrit on Indian coins, the adoption of Turko-Persian dress by Buddhist rulers, the work of Indian stone masons in Afghanistan, and the incorporation of carvings from Hindu and Jain temples in early Indian mosques. Objects of Translation draws upon contemporary theories of cosmopolitanism and globalization to argue for radically new approaches to the cultural geography of premodern South Asia and the Islamic world.

Virtually all pertinent issues that the world faces today – such as nuclear proliferation, climate change, the spread of infectious disease and economic globalization – imply objects that move. However, surprisingly little is known about how the actual objects of world politics are constituted, how they move and how they change while moving. This book addresses these questions through the concept of 'translation' – the simultaneous processes of object constitution, transportation and transformation. Translations occur when specific forms of knowledge about the environment, international human rights norms or water policies consolidate, travel and change. World Politics in Translation conceptualizes 'translation' for International Relations by drawing on theoretical insights from Literary Studies, Postcolonial Scholarship and Science and Technology Studies. The individual chapters explore how the concept of translation opens new perspectives on development cooperation, the diffusion of norms and organizational templates, the performance in and of international organizations or the politics of international security governance. This book constitutes an excellent resource for students and scholars in the fields of Politics, International Relations, Social Anthropology, Development Studies and Sociology. Combining empirically grounded case studies with methodological reflection and theoretical innovation, the book provides a powerful and productive introduction to world politics in translation.

The digital era is characterised by technological advances that increase the speed and breadth of knowledge turnover within the economy and society. This book examines the impact of these technological advances on translation and interpreting and how new technologies are changing the very nature of language and communication. Reflecting on the innovations in research, practice and training that are associated with this turbulent landscape, chapters consider what these shifts mean for translators and interpreters. Technological changes interact in increasingly complex and pivotal ways with demographic shifts, caused by war, economic globalisation, changing social structures and patterns of mobility, environmental crises, and other factors. As such, researchers face new and often cross-disciplinary fields of inquiry, practitioners face the need to acquire and adopt novel skills and approaches, and trainers face the need to train students for working in a rapidly changing landscape of communication technology. This book brings together advances and challenges from the different but intertwined perspectives of translation and interpreting to examine how the field is changing in this rapidly evolving environment.

Studying the nature of translation theory and offering the reasons for success or failure of translation - this book is for anyone with an academic or professional interest in translation. It presents a new approach - combining a complex model of reality and a biocybernetic computeraided methodology for the study of translation processes. The study is discussing translation as systemic interaction and connecting for the first time Translation Studies with biocybernetics, fuzzy logic, information theory, intercultural communication, action theory, psychology and various technical disciplines (including Russian, German and English examples). It is a breakthrough in the understanding of irregularities in translation processes in theory and practice as well as in the training of translators and interpreters. Dr. Heidemarie Salevsky is professor of Translation Studies at Okan University, Istanbul, and worked as an interpreter, translator and lector. She was Head of the Translation Studies Department at Humboldt University in Berlin and professor of Translation Studies and Technical Communication in Magdeburg. She was a visiting professor at the Universities of New York/Binghamton, Heidelberg, Innsbruck and Vienna.Dr. Ina M ller works as a research assistant at the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz. She worked as a graduate technical translator and lecturer.

Apart from the Tractatus, Wittgenstein did not write whole manuscripts, but composed short fragments. The current volume reveals the depths of Wittgenstein's soul-searching writings - his "new" philosophy - by concentrating on ordinary language and using few technical terms. In so doing, Wittgenstein is finally given the accolade of a neglected figure in the history of semiotics. The volume applies Wittgenstein's methodological tools to the study of multilingual dialogue in philosophy, linguistics, theology, anthropology and literature. Translation shows how the translator's signatures are in conflict with personal or stylistic choices in linguistic form, but also in cultural content. This volume undertakes the "impossible task" of uncovering the reasoning of Wittgenstein's translated texts in order to construct, rather than paraphrase, the ideal of a terminological coherence.

Meaning in Translation: Illusion of Precision represents a collection of papers on fundamental and applied research on a wide range of linguistic topics, including terminology standardisation and harmonisation, the pragmatic, semantic and grammatical aspects of meaning in translation, and the translation of sacred, legal, poetic, promotional and scientific and technical texts. This volume offers a platform where scholars from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds, studying a variety of subjects, share their opinions on matters of utmost importance in the field of translation theory and practice. This book will appeal to researchers working within the various fields of linguistics, language planners, terminologists, practicing translators, and students at all levels, as well as anybody interested in the dynamic development of a language.

This book compares and contrasts the principles and practices of rule-based machine translation (RBMT), statistical machine translation (SMT), and example-based machine translation (EBMT). Presenting numerous examples, the text introduces language divergence as the fundamental challenge to machine translation, emphasizes and works out word alignment, explores IBM models of machine translation, covers the mathematics of phrase-based SMT, provides complete walk-throughs of the working of interlingua-based and transfer-based RBMT, and analyzes EBMT, showing how translation parts can be extracted and recombined to automatically translate a new input.