Translational Research And Clinical Practice

Translational Research and Clinical Practice offers a clear and comprehensive introduction to evidence-based medicine. The use of medical literature has always been an integral tool for patient care, yet recently the modern processes of question formulation, literature search, and study evaluation have changed with the advent of the internet and technology. The physician must be able to find empirical evidence from the appropriate study using a searchable question and then determine its impact on patient care. The book provides the general framework for such medical decision making; it covers all kinds of cases and strategies, including questions of diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, differential diagnosis, clinical presentation, and causality.The tested material and approaches in this book are based on a course developed and taught by the author at Temple University School of Medicine. Organized for ease of use, accessibly written, and replete with clinically germane examples, Translational Research and Clinical Practice is a concise guide for medical students and clinicians seeking to effectively interpret and apply medical evidence in daily practice.

Clinical and Translational Science: Principles of Human Research, Second Edition, is the most authoritative and timely resource for the broad range of investigators taking on the challenge of clinical and translational science, a field that is devoted to investigating human health and disease, interventions, and outcomes for the purposes of developing new treatment approaches, devices, and modalities to improve health. This updated second edition has been prepared with an international perspective, beginning with fundamental principles, experimental design, epidemiology, traditional and new biostatistical approaches, and investigative tools. It presents complete instruction and guidance from fundamental principles, approaches, and infrastructure, especially for human genetics and genomics, human pharmacology, research in special populations, the societal context of human research, and the future of human research. The book moves on to discuss legal, social, and ethical issues, and concludes with a discussion of future prospects, providing readers with a comprehensive view of this rapidly developing area of science. Introduces novel physiological and therapeutic strategies for engaging the fastest growing scientific field in both the private sector and academic medicine Brings insights from international leaders into the discipline of clinical and translational science Addresses drug discovery, drug repurposing and development, innovative and improved approaches to go/no-go decisions in drug development, and traditional and innovative clinical trial designs

The future of healthcare lies in the continued progress and acceleration of adopting translational science. The two principal constructs, translational research and translational effectiveness, collectively strive towards patient-centered, effectiveness-focused and evidence-based care. Translational research is the application of scientific methods into healthcare decision-making and practice. Through these applications and methods used on the patient, translational research obtains new information that directly benefits that patient in return. This bench-to-bedside approach is specifically designed to improve health outcomes and standards of practice in healthcare to better serve the patients. It is through the utilization, dissemination, and implementation of the best evidence-based practices that will help in the understanding of intervention effectiveness. The chapters in this book highlight the transfer of basic science discovered and cutting-edge developments into clinical applications. Emphasis on continuing research, increasing transparency and accelerating the adoption of translational science into clinical practice is needed to provide the best possible care. The chapters focus on the future direction of all fields of healthcare which lies on the bench-to-bedside approach from medicine to dentistry to nursing. Translational research is at the forefront of efforts to improve patient care and is the engine of change for bringing new decision-making, practice, and technology into the field of healthcare in this new age.

This book is the first to provide an aerial view, as well as detailed information, on ‘how’ activities in translational medicine are under development in countries such as the USA, China, the UK, and Taiwan. Institutions in each country are training investigators to work as sophisticated interdisciplinary teams. Investigators from 11 US academic health centers explain how they are incentivizing collaborations through pilot project programs, forming partnerships with business schools to promote efficient management of basic and clinical research, creating ethical, high-value public-private (industry) partnerships, improving efficiency with utilization of informatics, and engaging the community in research. The essential role of evaluation is explained in a clear and concise manner. The readers will also learn about the role of private funding in Taiwan and the vision of the government in China in developing multiple translational research centers. The UK is developing methodical approaches to patient needs across their lifespans; ongoing innovation is encouraged through incubator programs. With the emphasis on open innovation and sharing, the concepts and practice of translational medicine are spreading rapidly on an international scale.

Translational Medicine: Tools and Techniques provides a standardized path from basic research to the clinic and brings together various policy and practice issues to simplify the broad interdisciplinary field. With discussions from academic and industry leaders at international institutions who have successfully implemented translational medicine techniques and tools in various settings, readers will be guided through implementation strategies relevant to their own needs and institutions. The book also addresses regulatory processes in USA, EU, Japan and China. By providing details on omics sciences techniques, biomarkers, data mining and management approaches, case reports from industry, and tools to assess the value of different technologies and techniques, this book is the first to provide a user-friendly go-to guide for key opinion leaders (KOLs), industry administrators, faculty members, clinicians, researchers, and students interested in translational medicine. Includes detailed and standardized information about the techniques and tools used in translational medicine Provides specific industry case scenarios Explains how to use translational medicine tools and techniques to plan and improve infrastructures and capabilities while reducing cost and optimizing resources

This book is the first to be devoted to translational research – which aims to expedite the transfer of knowledge gained in the lab to clinical practice – within the field of oral health. It is examined how basic sciences and basic research are providing new methods and materials that will enable clinicians to treat patients more effectively. Readers will gain a translational perspective on a variety of oral conditions and related systemic diseases. Individual chapters are devoted to such topics as dental biomaterials, implants, and tissue engineering. The importance of evidence-based research and the roles and comparative value of preclinical and clinical trials are also highlighted. Knowledge of translational and clinical research is essential in understanding how new inventions and developments are being accomplished, and what regulations and guidelines need to be taken into account when planning studies, and not forgetting the ethical aspects of any research. Translational Oral Health Research is the first book to be devoted entirely to the subject, and it will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners.

Knowledge Translation in Health Care is a practical introduction to knowledge translation for everyone working and learning within health policy and funding agencies, and as researchers, clinicians and trainees. Using everyday examples, it explains how to use research findings to improve health care in real life. This new second edition defines the principles and practice of knowledge translation and outlines strategies for successful knowledge translation in practice and policy making. It includes relevant real world examples and cases of knowledge translation in action that are accessible and relevant for all stakeholders including clinicians, health policy makers, administrators, managers, researchers, clinicians and trainees. From an international expert editor and contributor team, and fully revised to reflect current practice and latest developments within the field, Knowledge Translation in Health Care is the practical guide for all health policy makers and researchers, clinicians, trainee clinicians, medical students and other healthcare professionals seeking to improve healthcare practice.

Despite the large U.S. investment in health science, and the vast and growing body of peer-reviewed research findings it has produced, a compelling body of evidence suggests that research too often has been slow, inefficient, and fallen short of desired impacts on health. A key question is how research might be changed to be more innovative, less wasteful, and more responsive to unmet health needs. One emerging response within clinical and translational science is to advance an approach that attempts to close the gap between research scientists and key stakeholders; the individuals and groups responsible for or affected by health-related decisions. Broadly engaged team science promises to support this aim by transforming the gold standard, multi-disciplinary team science, to include key stakeholders in activities across the research spectrum. These new roles and responsibilities range from generating research questions to implementing research projects, to aiding in the translation of discoveries from the laboratory to the community. A transition to broadly engaged team science reflects the idea that inclusivity and a diversity of perspectives are necessary to achieving progress in addressing complex health issues while representing a new benchmark for ethical research practice. This is one of the first collections of papers describing how clinical and translational science researchers are defining and implementing new research practices, and the successes and challenges involved. This book represents a first and critical step towards organizing knowledge of broadly engaged team science and advancing the development of evidence-based practices. Written in an accessible style, this book is intended to highlight the breadth of broadly engaged team science within one community, motivate researchers and stakeholders to build inclusive teams, bring rigor to often informal stakeholder engagement research practices and encourage people to think more broadly about the development of scientific knowledge. It includes examples of multi-disciplinary, broadly engaged team science projects, the perspectives of academic leaders about the changes needed to encourage scientists to conduct broadly engaged team science, and a resource directory.